Assessing School Readiness: Validity and Bias in Preschool and Kindergarten Teachers' Ratings

As a part of efforts to evaluate and monitor the increasing public investment in early childhood education, teachers are being asked to assess children's school readiness. In this study, preschool teachers and kindergarten teachers rated children's skills in three areas (kindergarten readiness, academic skills, and communication skills), and these ratings were compared with direct assessments of the children's skills. Ratings by both groups of teachers tended to be more highly related to basic skills, such as counting and number naming, than to abilities such as solving applied problems and using expressive and receptive vocabulary. Preschool teachers' ratings had a lower association with children's observed skills and abilities than kindergarten teachers' ratings. Ratings of children attending Head Start were systematically inflated, but this relationship was mediated to a significant extent by the teachers' levels of education. More educated teachers rated children in a manner consistent with the children's directly assessed skills. Implications of these findings for informing future efforts to assess school readiness by using teacher ratings are discussed.     

我国标准高尔夫运动场地现状及发展规模研究

通过运用第5次全国体育场地普查的相关数据，对我国境内标准高尔夫运动场地的分布情况、资金来源、隶属关系、系统分类、经济成分、增长状况等指标全面分析，了解标准高尔夫运动场地在我国的现状。通过现状分析得出在我国各地区发展与经济相和谐的标准高尔夫运动场地符合我国的国情，同时对未来各地区的标准高尔夫运动场地的发展规模进行了预测。     

大学评价有效性的制约因素探讨

文章从宏观和微观两个层面对当前我国大学评价有效性的制约因素进行了探讨,认为应该从评价理论、评价制度、评价前提环境、评价过程与技术方法等方面改进大学评价,构建基于教育规律,尊重大学目的和本质,效度较高的大学评价体系。     

大学英语写作同级反馈训练模式及其有效性研究

同级反馈在过程法写作教学中起着重要作用,但前人的研究表明同级反馈如果没有经过培训则是低效的。为了充分发挥同级反馈的作用,文章提出“错误归类修改-教师评讲-同学互改”的同级反馈训练模式。该反馈训练模式经教学实践证明有效,主要表现为：1．经过培训后进行的同级反馈在质量上得到了较大程度的提高;2．经过同级反馈训练后学生作文的语法错误程下降趋势。     

试析用尽当地救济规则在国际投资法中的适用

用尽当地救济是一项国际习惯规则。本文从用尽当地救济规则的相关理论出发,分析了规则在国际投资法中的适用范围及在经济全球化的今天所发挥的作用。明确了对用尽当地救济规则不应否定和放弃的态度。     

基于工作单的科学探究能力评价的有效性研究

分别用现场观察和工作单来评价178名初三学生的科学探究能力,以研究工作单对现场观察的替代性,即工作单对科学探究能力评价的有效性。研究发现,工作单的三个探究任务,甚至一个探究任务,或工作单三个探究任务的进行实验要素集合、概括结论要素集合能替代现场观察等。这些发现表明了工作单能有效替代现场观察,意味着工作单能有效评价科学探究能力。     

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Portuguese Version of the Life Skills Scale for Sport

ABSTRACT

This research adapted the Life Skills Scale for Sport (LSSS) into Portuguese and provided evidence for its construct validity. Study 1 included four translators and five academics who developed a Portuguese version of the LSSS (P-LSSS). During this study, evidence for the content and substantive aspects of construct validity was provided using an expert panel and 25 sports participants. Study 2 included 413 participants that completed the P-LSSS. Within this study, evidence for the structural aspect of construct validity was provided via factor analyses. Study 3 included 134 participants who completed the P-LSSS and a measure of motivation. This study provided evidence for the external aspect of construct validity, with results showing more self-determined motivation had positive relationships with participant’s life skills development. Overall, our findings provided evidence for the construct validity of P-LSSS scores. Researchers and practitioners can use the P-LSSS to assess life skills development within sports participants.     

试论商事登记效力的合理性与规则重建

我国商事登记制度能保证商事主体的公示性的稳定性,保障社会交易安全与商业秩序,但也存在一些不足,如实质审查流于形式,手续繁琐,缺乏灵活性与效益性,在实践中也出现了一些盲点。为了与国际接轨,需立法完善。     

Reliability and validity of the Myotest® for measuring running stride kinematics

Accelerometer-based systems are often used to quantify human movement. This study’s aim was to assess the reliability and validity of the Myotest® accelerometer-based system for measuring running stride kinematics. Twenty habitual runners ran two 60 m trials at 12, 15, 18 and 21 km·h^?1. Contact time, aerial time and step frequency parameters from six consecutive running steps of each trial were extracted using Myotest® data. Between-trial reproducibility of measures was determined by comparing kinematic parameters from the two runs performed at the same speed. Myotest® measures were compared against photocell-based (Optojump Next®) and high-frequency video data to establish concurrent validity. The Myotest®-derived parameters were highly reproducible between trials at all running speeds (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC): 0.886 to 0.974). Compared to the photo-cell and high-speed video-based measures, the mean contact times from the Myotest® were 34% shorter and aerial times were 64% longer. Only step frequency was comparable between systems and demonstrated high between-system correlation (ICC ≥ 0.857). The Myotest® is a practical portable device that is reliable for measuring contact time, aerial time and step frequency during running. In terms of validity, it provides accurate step frequency measures but underestimates contact time and overestimates aerial time compared to photocell- and optical-based systems.     

社会主义荣辱观教育有效性浅探

胡锦涛关于社会主义荣辱观的重要论述,导向鲜明,寓意深刻,对形成良好的社会风气、树立良好社会道德风尚,进一步创造安定和谐的社会环境,正显现出愈来愈巨大的作用.在全社会树立社会主义荣辱观,有赖于有效的教育.形成对社会主义荣辱观的认同是教育取得实效的前提.社会主义荣辱观教育要遵循科学的教育规律,一以贯之地坚持下去才能取得实效.