变性手术的法律分析

一般认为,变性手术是易性癖的治疗手段,但因我国法律无相应规定,目前该领域呈无序状态,既不利于患者权益的保护,更造成某些法律关系的混乱。以刑法理论而言,作为易性癣治疗手段的变性手术是应当予以承认的,但对易性癣之外的、非病态而仅是有变性意向者实施变性手术是违法的,无法构成刑法意义上的“被害人承诺”和“医疗行为”,应当予以禁止。     

Through the lens of history: The effects of beliefs about historical victimization on responses to refugees

In societies with collective memories of their group’s historical victimization, perceptions of this victimization are linked to attitudes and behaviors towards present-day victim groups such as refugees. We examine this idea in the Hungarian context, where collective memories of historical victimization include the fate of Hungarian refugees in 1956. In surveys among two Hungarian community samples, we find support for the hypothesis that exclusive regional victim consciousness predicts support for anti-refugee policies, while inclusive regional victim consciousness predicts support for pro-refugee policies. In Study 2, we replicate and extend these findings with a novel measure of event-specific victim consciousness (i.e., historical analogies between the two refugee situations). We show that event-specific victim consciousness mediates the effects of regional victim consciousness on attitudes towards refugees, and predicts prosocial behavior towards refugees.     

In the heat of the moment: South Asian responses to the events of 11 September 2001

Abstract

This review article looks at three books, published in 2002, which provide from different perspectives a response by South Asian Muslims to the new interest in Islam evoked by the events of 9/11. Written from different vantage points, they represent an intellectual effort to come to grips with the notion of an ‘Islamic’ identity – debating notions of jihad, and its connections with Islamic faith, with the notion of an Islamic umma or nation, and where Muslim societies are headed to in the 21st century. It is not only the emergence of the Taliban movement in the North‐western portion of South Asia that has brought the focus on South Asian Islam. As M.J. Akbar has observed, South Asia forms the demographic heartland of Islam. The books reviewed do not fall into the category of the myriad publications that have become a kind of apology for Islam, but represent an effort at understanding the connections between geo‐political concerns and intellectual academic approaches to the subject of Islam.     

犯罪被害人经济救济的新思维--以恢复性司法模式为视角

在恢复性司法模式下,犯罪人、被害人以及社区等各方参与司法过程,尊重各方的权利,充分发挥各方的作用。首先,可以让犯罪被害人倾诉感受,找到平衡,以求抚平创伤,为犯罪被害人提供具体帮助。其次,有利于犯罪者深刻认识犯罪性质及后果,明确罪责,便于其内心的平衡与真正服罪,利于其悔过自新。再次,充分发挥社区作用,在发生刑事案件时,可以有更多的人出来制止和抵抗犯罪,有更多的人来帮助受害人和犯罪者,从而减少和预防新的犯罪和重新犯罪的发生。     

略论唐代的状元宰辅

唐代251名状元中位至宰辅者,初、盛唐连一个也没有,中唐出现了一个,中晚唐之交有3个,唐末集中出现了6个,占状元总数的3.98%,数量与掌权时间均无法跟宋代相比。他们的人品、业绩差异悬殊,而宋代状元宰辅则相对整齐。10位状元宰辅死于非命的占一半,这在宋代及以后也是难以想象的。     

论得被害人承诺

得被害人承诺的行为是否阻却违法是一个备受争议的问题，法学界的通说是有条件的接收得被害人承诺的行为阻却违法，其适用范围应该仅限于被害人有权处理的私法益。其阻却违法的要件应该是，有承诺能力的承诺权人以明示或默示的方式，在侵害行为发生之前，任意性地表达对特定侵害结果的承诺，同时，还要求侵害人对承诺有明确认识。     

论关于被害人特殊生物身份刑法规定的修改

为了更好地维护未成年人和高龄老年人的权益,应在《刑法》总则中明确规定:针对未成年人犯罪、教唆或针对高龄老年人犯罪的,应当从重处罚。应将"雇用童工从事危重劳动罪"中"童工"的年龄上限提高至"未满18周岁"。为了避免不必要的争议,还应在《刑法》总则中界定"儿童"的年龄。为了加大对幼女的保护,应同时取消"嫖宿幼女罪"和"引诱幼女卖淫罪",并修正"强奸罪""引诱未成年人聚众淫乱罪""组织卖淫罪"和"强迫卖淫罪"的刑法规定。     

我国离婚损害赔偿制度的法律思考

离婚损害赔偿制度是自由离婚主义价值取向下的一种救济手段，具有填补受害人损失，抚慰受害人精神、惩罚过错方行的功能。过错方承担损害赔偿责任应具备的要件与一般民事责任构成要件相同。章对赔偿责任主体、赔偿请求权的使用、赔偿金的确定等问题进行了专门的探讨。     

关于“德伯家的苔丝”——悲剧的分析

陈述导致苔丝悲剧的主要因素，苔丝是一个贫穷农民的女儿，他的父亲获悉自己本是骑士世家德伯家的嫡系子孙，于是便派苔丝去附近一个富户德伯家认本家，这使苔丝被遭遇不幸，因而开始了苔丝的悲剧。这篇论文通过分析当时的社会背景，苔丝的家庭背景以及她自己的性格来说明苔丝是资产阶级社会的受害者，是资本主义入侵农村的受害者。     

关于“德伯家的苔丝”——悲剧的分析(英文)

陈述导致苔丝悲剧的主要因素,苔丝是一个贫穷农民的女儿,他的父亲获悉自己本是骑士世家德伯家的嫡系子孙,于是便派苔丝去附近一个富户德伯家认本家,这使苔丝被遭遇不幸,因而开始了苔丝的悲剧。这篇论文通过分析当时的社会背景,苔丝的家庭背景以及她自己的性格来说明苔丝是资产阶级社会的受害者,是资本主义入侵农村的受害者。