由古代楚辞研究著述者的籍里看楚辞研究的失衡

通过对古代楚辞研究著述者籍里分布情况的整理和分析,我们发现了它们存在着地域失衡和时代失衡的问题;结合对中国历史、楚辞学史的考察,我们认为,文化中心、特定的经济背景和独特的文化传承等因素造成了楚辞著述者籍里即楚辞研究的地域失衡状态;社会鼎革前后的特定事实、封建朝廷的统治政策、文化政策的鼓煽和学风裹挟是造成楚辞研究时代失衡的重要因素。由此,揭示了楚辞研究的不平衡性规律。     

Influences of player nationality,playing position,and height on relative age effects at women's under-17 FIFA World Cup

Abstract

Previous research has shown that young male soccer players who are born early in a cohort are overrepresented on elite soccer teams. Selection advantages such as this have been termed ‘relative age effects’ (RAEs). Few studies have examined RAEs in elite women's youth soccer. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence of RAEs in the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) U-17 Women's World Cup competition and their link to playing positions. In the entire cohort of 672 players, we found significant RAEs in the geographical zones of Europe and North and Central America, no RAEs in the zones of Asia, Oceania, and South America, and significant inverse RAEs in the zone of Africa. Additionally, significant RAEs were found for goalkeepers and defenders from Europe and North and Central America. Inverse RAEs occurred for African goalkeepers, defenders, and strikers. Goalkeepers of all zones were significantly taller than players of all other playing positions. The results of this study show that remarkable RAEs do exist at elite women's youth soccer. Similar to men's soccer, there is a bias toward the inclusion of relatively older players, and a link between RAEs and playing positions.     

生育信仰和土家族巫文化

生育信仰作为一种精神民俗,是土家族文化的重要组成部分.它贯穿于土家人的整个社会文化发展史.它的产生和发展,与其他任何一种文化现象一样,有其必然性和合理性.因而,我们无论从心理学角度、社会学角度,历史的角度还是从现实的角度考察,土家族文化中的生育信仰,其文化内涵与社会功能是多元的,它对整个土家人精神生活和社会生活都产生了不可低估的影响.     

Safe,Healthy Birth: What Every Pregnant Woman Needs to Know

In spite of technology and medical science''s ability to manage complex health problems, the current maternity care environment has increased risks for healthy women and their babies. It comes as a surprise to most women that standard maternity care does not reflect best scientific evidence. In this column, evidence-based maternity care practices are discussed with an emphasis on the practices that increase safety for mother and baby, and what pregnant women need to know in order to have safe, healthy births is described.     

Creating Community

In this column, the editor of The Journal of Perinatal Education describes ways that Lamaze International is helping to create a community for those who share a common interest in promoting, supporting, and protecting natural, safe, and healthy childbirth. The editor also describes the contents of this issue, which offer a broad range of resources, research, and inspiration for childbirth educators in their efforts to promote normal birth.     

New Resources for Childbirth Educators and Parents

In this column, reviewers offer perspectives and comments on a variety of new media resources for childbirth educators and expectant and new parents. The books, CDs, DVDs, and kits reviewed in this issue''s column include the following topics: the birth experiences of mothers who survived childhood sexual abuse; lively teaching techniques and ideas to help energize and enhance childbirth education classes; breastfeeding in the workplace; expectant fathers; perspectives on motherhood; unique, helpful tools for childbirth educators to use in designing their class content, addressing the stages of labor, and discussing planned cesarean birth; exercises for pregnant women on bedrest; and a compilation of presentations featured at Birthing the Future''s international symposiums.     

Continuing Education Module: Persuasion: The Key to Changing Women's Ideas About Birth

Although standard maternity care is not evidence-based and, in many cases, increases risks for mothers and babies, few women make birth decisions that reflect this knowledge. This column discusses persuasion as a way to change women''s ideas about safe, healthy birth. The relationship between persuasion and choice is discussed, and the differences between presenting information and persuading women that natural birth is the safest and healthiest way to give birth are explored.     

A Vaginal Birth After Cesarean,Attended by a Family Member Midwife Serving as Doula

In this column, a mother and her doula describe the strategies used during pregnancy and labor to maximize the success of a vaginal birth after a previous cesarean surgery.     

古代奥林匹克文化透视

文章运用文献资料等研究方法,在对大量文献资料及史料的收集、整理与阅读的基础上,对古代奥林匹克文化的产生、发展、衰落进行了全方位的整理分析。