宋玉生年初探

根据“宋玉是屈原的弟子”和“宋玉为顷襄王文学侍从”等历史文献资料,可以推断宋玉的出生年龄为公元前330年(楚威王十年)。宋玉师从屈原,需要有一个比较稳定的学习环境。这段时间应是怀王十四年至二十四年(公元前315—公元前305年),屈原被放逐江汉之前。这时的宋玉已由青年走上成年(十五岁至二十五岁)。宋玉作为顷襄王的文学侍从这个时期,是顷襄王纵情佚乐,骄奢淫欲的时期,即顷襄王即位后至郢都陷落前(公元前298—公元前277年),也就是顷襄王元年至二十一年,处于相对“和平”时期。二者的年龄基本相同,都在三十多岁。     

用科学的发展观指导人口与计划生育工作

在新的历史时期，用科学发展观指导人口与计划生育工作，是我们必须坚持的重要原则。在科学发展观指导下，必须自觉摆正经济建设和人口与计划生育工作的关系。当前，我国农村居民的生育意愿和人口与计划生育工作目标存在一定的差距，应该把推进农村经济社会发展和农村人口与计划生育工作结合起来，统筹人口数量与人口素质的关系，统筹人口结构与经济社会结构的关系，统筹人口内部结构的均衡关系，统筹人口运动中的代际公平。     

Helpful Resources for Childbirth Educators and Parents

In this column, reviewers offer perspectives and comments on a variety of current media resources (books, DVDs, booklets, and teaching aids) that address pregnancy and birth.     

达延汗生卒年、即位年及本名考辨

达延汗四岁丧父、七岁即位，其父孛罗忽吉囊于成化十二年（1476年）被杀；成化十六年（1480）二月，明将王越曾在威宁海子边奇袭“虏营”，险些使达延汗丧命。根据蒙汉史书的这些记载，可以确定达延汗的生年、即位年和卒年分别为公元1473年、1479年和1516的。达延汗本名为把秃猛可，其父孛罗忽吉囊名伯颜猛可。     

吴趼人生于"分宜故第"考

学界对于吴趼人生于“分宜故第”这一点并无异议,但对于“分宜故第”究竟在何处,却都搞错了,甚至闹出了常识性的笑话。其实,“分宜故第”位于北京宣武门外菜市口之南的丞相胡同(俗称“绳匠胡同”)和半截胡同之间。     

出生·死亡·时间

本文从出生的角度来审视生活,继而展开出生与死亡的对话,从中形成自己的时间观来,并以此来推进海德格尔把时间引向生活维度的工作。为避免与海德格尔工作的重复,本文在论述时侧重出生与生日、出生与生活的分析。     

在西部大开发中实现和稳定低生育水平

人口数量是否与社会经济发展需要相适应 ,对西部大开发至关重要。人口膨胀不利于人口素质提高 ,难以消除劳动力严重过剩 ,又导致生态环境恶化。因此 ,必须把严格控制人口增长纳入西部大开发战略的总体规划 ,尽快实现和稳定低生育水平 ,为西部大开发战略在内蒙古顺利实施创造良好的人口环境。伊克昭盟实现和稳定低生育水平的经验值得重视     

论张竞生的生育思想

张竞生是“中国计划生育第一人”,出于本人的经历和当时中国的特殊国情,张竞生在20世纪20年代就提出了优生节育的主张,并从各个方面论述了节育优生的理论,这些理论对传统生育观念具有颠覆意义,对中国生育观的近代化,妇女解放和优生善种也都产生了重要的影响。     

Does it pay to be one of the oldest in class? Relative age effects on academic self-concept,peer relations,and teacher judgments in German primary schools

Several studies have revealed that older students in a year group reach higher achievement scores than younger students in that group. But less is known about how students' relative age in class relates to their self-perception of academic achievement, their social acceptance in class and to how teachers judge their abilities. Therefore, we examined relative age effects within class on students' academic self-concept, peer relations, grades, and teachers’ secondary school recommendation. Analyses were based on a sample of N = 18,956 German fourth graders, who had never been retained or accelerated. We applied multilevel regression to control for covariates at the individual and classroom level. There were no substantial relative age effects within class across any of the outcomes, except for a small advantage for the youngest in their reading self-concept. Our findings therefore contradict the common assumption that younger students in class are disadvantaged compared to their older classmates.     

In This Issue—Reminiscing About Birth and Motherhood

In this column, the editor of The Journal of Perinatal Education reminisces about her births and those of her three daughters and how birth has had an impact on her personal and professional life. The editor also describes the contents of this issue, which offer a broad range of resources, research, and inspiration for childbirth educators in their efforts to promote, support, and protect natural, safe, and healthy birth.