辅助生殖技术学龄前单双胎子代的认知发展存在差异么?(英文)简

Objective： To explore whether there exist differences in cognitive development between singletons and twins born after in vitro fertilization （IVF） or intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI）. Methods： A total of 566 children were recruited for the study, including 388 children （singletons, n=175; twins, n=213） born after IVF and 178 children （singletons, n=87; twins, n=91 ） born after ICSI. The cognitive development was assessed using the Chinese-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children （C-WISC）. Results： For all pre-term offspring, all the intelligence quotient （IQ） items between singletons and twins showed no significant differences no matter if they were born after IVF or ICSI. There was a significant difference in the cognitive development of IVF-conceived full-term singletons and twins. The twins born after IVF obtained significantly lower scores than the singletons in verbal IQ （containing information, picture ＆ vocabulary, arithmetic, picture completion, comprehension, and language）, performance IQ （containing maze, visual analysis, object assembly, and performance）, and full scale IQ （P〈0.05）. The cognitive development of full-term sin- gletons and twins born after ICSI did not show any significant differences. There was no significant difference between the parents of the singletons and twins in their characteristics where data were collected, including the age of the mothers, the current employment status, the educational backgrounds, and areas of residence. There were also no consistent differences in the duration of pregnancy, sex composition of the children, age, and height between sin- gletons and twins at the time of our study although there existed significant differences between the two groups in the sex composition of the full-term children born after ICSI （P〈0.05）. Conclusions： Compared to the full-term singletons born after IVF, the full-term twins have lower cognitive development. The cognitive development of full-term singletons and twins born after ICSI did not show any significant differences. For all pre-term offspring, singletons and twins born after IVF or ICSI, the results of the cognitive development showed no significant differences.     

基于认知耦合态的翻转课堂人机交互设计

在无监督环境中,保持学生持续而有效的学习是翻转课堂的难点。翻转课堂无监督学习环境是人机情境。从人杌交互角度,学生沉浸在持续学习中,达到有效学习、深度学习状态,也称“人机认知耦合态”。认知耦合态是学生认知结构、个性、能力和教师设计的学习内容、情境、轨道匹配的状态,是学生和机器相互依赖,形成高效学习体。人机耦合态设计理念上需理解学生心理规律及过程,让计算机成为“教助理”引导学生学习;设计形式上需采集人机交互数据、观测学习过程、创意耦合情境、调制认知过程。翻转课堂中人机认知耦合设计重点是教学资源结构、认知思维过程、在线导学互动、学习成像形式、认知大数据处理技术、实证教学实施方法。基于人机认知耦合态的翻转课堂是教育数字化、实证化思想的实践,也是信息技术与教育深度融合的尝试。     

《翻译研究批评导论》评析

《翻译研究批评导论》是英国文学大师、翻译家琼·博厄斯-贝耶尔2011年出版的有关于诗学、认知文体学与翻译研究关联的新作。作者详细介绍了该书的具体内容,并对认知文体学和翻译诗学等要点概括总结,同时还就该书的一些观点和优缺点进行批判思考。     

Predicting multicultural effectiveness of international students: the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire

The present study considered the reliability and validity of the 78-item revised version of the Multicultural Personality Questionnaire, a multidimensional instrument aimed at measuring multicultural effectiveness of expatriate employees and students. The questionnaire includes scales for cultural empathy, open-mindedness, emotional stability, social initiative and flexibility. Participants were native and foreign students of an international business school (N=171) in the Netherlands. The MPQ scales appeared to be more strongly predictive of adjustment of international students as compared to native students. Moreover, the instrument was able to explain variance in students’ adjustment beyond self-efficacy.     

内隐学习对排球运动员认知心理的影响

借鉴内隐学习的研究成果,分析比较了外显学习与内隐学习对排球运动员在技能学习方面的各自优势.充分证明了排球运动员在认知心理活动方面内隐学习有着巨大的优势,并论证了内隐学习在排球运动实践中的作用,为排球运动员心理技能训练的科学化提供了思路.     

不同的认知线索对技能形成效果影响的实验研究

采用实验手段考察了简单技能和复杂技能形成过程中三种不同线索的作用问题。通过对１５０名被试的实验研究，结果表明：技能的复杂程度不同，线索的作用也存在明显的差异；在技能形成过程中存在一个循环加工问题；线索之间的协同作用对技能形成有明显的促进作用     

'The Writers' Zone': A Study of the Impact of Targeting Verbal Reasoning on Student Performance and Behaviour

‘The Writers' Zone’ project took place in an 11–18 mixed comprehensive in south‐east Essex. It involved 16 Year 7 boys identified as having a high level of performance in non‐verbal reasoning but low levels of performance in verbal reasoning. They were isolated from normal lessons for a fortnight to follow an alternative curriculum focusing specifically on writing. This article details the structure of the project and evaluates its success in accessing writing potential.     

指称人的动物隐喻的认知机制研究

基于＂大链条隐喻＂、跨域概念映射、认知突显观、相似性突显等理论和原则,本文具体讨论了指称人的动物隐喻的认知动因、工作机制和理解机制,为人类更好的认识自身提供了新的方法,具有重大的理论和现实意义。     

Cognitive Aging and Computer-Based Instructional Design: Where Do We Go From Here?

In this article, themost relevant literature on cognitive aging and instructional design is merged to formulate recommendations for designing computer-based training material aimed at elderly learners. The core message is that researchers and instructional designers do not need to develop special computerized instruction for older adults. Rather, existing principles of general instructional and multimedia design can be evaluated and used to accommodate the needs of elderly learners. Particular attention is given to John Sweller’s Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) and Richard Mayer’s Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML). It is argued that these instructional theories bear important benefits for older learners because they support an efficient use of available cognitive resources. New research directions are suggested to test the implications of these theories for learning in old age.

认知隐喻学视域下的二语词汇习得研究

词汇是语言大厦的基石,传统的死记法导致词汇学习费时低效。词汇在语音、形态、语义和逻辑等方面存在着理据,化抽象为具体的认知隐喻学在词汇习得方面有着广阔的前景和用武之地,能够帮助学习者深入了解词汇的本源与实质,有助于提高二语词汇学习效果。