Decisional procrastination correlates: personality traits, self-esteem or perception of cognitive failure?

The aim of the present study is to examine a number of decisional procrastination correlates. A sample of 258 subjects attending secondary school were administered the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, Self-Esteem Scale, Big Five Questionnaire and Five Factors Adjective Short Test. The data were subjected to correlation and multiple regression. Decisional procrastination is best explained by the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire. The results enable a further analysis in the field of decisional procrastination.     

从认知语言学角度谈英语词汇教学

对英语教学来说,词汇教学既是核心又是难点.掌握一定的词汇量是学生熟练运用英语的先决条件.本文将借助认知语言学的范畴化、原型理论和隐喻概念来探讨外语教学中词汇教学的新的有效途径.     

身心语言程式视阈下的信息检索用户认知模型研究

当今的科技信息发展环境中,信息检索用户的认知行为和需求心理极为复杂.如何将信息检索中用户的潜意识显现出来,以便更好地服务于检索系统建设,是信息检索研究中的核心难题之一.研究基于流行于欧美国家及港台地区多年的身心语言程式(NLP)理论,从身心、语言和程式三个核心维度出发,构建了信息检索用户的"需求认知、表达与交互模式"、"检索语言认知、表达与交互模式"和"检索目标制定中的心理取向模型".同时结合MP中的锚理论,分析信息检索用户的"心锚"和相关的"空间锚",总结出相应的信息检索规律,构建出检索中锚交互模型、集合关系、双因子矩阵模型和表达式,并对相关的假设模型进行数据检验和优化.     

健身器械训练中“念动一致”原则的心理探因及作用浅析

念动一致是在健身器械训练中广泛使用的一个训练原则,但是对它的研究一直只停留在现象阶段。文章通过对念动一致原则的心理学探因,尝试探索其真正的科学依据,并指出念动一致在健身器械训练中的作用,以期为健身实践活动提供理论依据并对运动员的训练有所指导。     

基于认知心理学的海岛型旅游资源开发潜力研究

在传统的旅游资源定量评价的基础之上,结合旅游者的心理偏好和海岛型旅游资源的特点,开发基于认知心理学的旅游资源综合评价模型,以大连广鹿岛为例,采用心理学研究中的“开窗”实验范式,使用E-Prime软件测算反应时,计算被试的偏好指数,运用改进后的综合评价模型比较各旅游景区的开发潜力,为旅游地的规划与开发提供科学依据。通过对广鹿岛的实证分析发现,其旅游资源总体质量较高,具有较大的开发价值。广鹿岛旅游资源开发潜力排名依次为：仙女湖、彩虹滩、月亮湾、帆坨子。仙女湖景区作为广鹿岛最具开发潜力的景区应得到优先开发。     

Cognitive load during planned and unplanned virtual shopping: Evidence from a neurophysiological perspective

Rapid adoption of virtual-reality-assisted retail applications is inadvertently reshaping consumer buying patterns, making it crucial for businesses to enhance their shopping experience. This new scenario challenges marketers with unique hurdles in both the commercialization of products and in managing information cues derived via VR retailing. Therefore, this study examined consumers’ impulsive behavior and unplanned purchases in a virtual retail store, using self-reports and electroencephalography. Borrowing assorted perspectives from retailing, virtual reality, and neuromarketing literature, we extended the stimulus-organism-response framework to evaluate how unplanned behavior evolves through conscious and unconscious measures. We found that consumers’ impulsiveness was significantly associated with their unplanned expenditure and the number of unplanned purchases. Using mediation analysis, we observed that flow experience during shopping partially mediated the relationship between the sense of presence and the desire to stay longer in a virtual shopping store. Desire to stay in the virtual store positively influenced store satisfaction, basket-size deviation, and budget deviation. Additionally, cognitive workload obtained via electroencephalogram revealed significant differences during both planned and unplanned purchases. These findings provide fresh opportunities for retailers to leverage the disruptive potential of immersive and interactive virtual technology to transform consumer shopping experiences.     

熟练Web用户的搜索行为:关注控制与情感控制的影响

本研究调查了作为熟练Web用户的67位本科生的认知特征与情感特征对其Web导航及搜索行为的影响。在研究中,两个标准化测验和一个调查问卷用于收集参与者的认知方式、问题解决方式以及基本资料。通过对调查对象在团体镶嵌图形测验和问题解决问卷两个标准化测试中获得的分数进行因素分析,作者抽取了2个用户因素,即关注控制和情感控制。其中,关注控制因素似乎能影响用户导航行为(如链接和后退键的使用),而情感控制因素不仅影响包括关键词搜索等搜索行为,还影响以查准率和查全率等为指标的检索绩效。     

义务馆员管理中的“弹性化”原则

义务馆员工作的无偿性表明义务馆员群体是道德的瑰宝。由于义务馆员具有较大的流动性,所以图书馆在义务馆员管理中既要强调规则纪律的刚性以确保管理工作的正常运行,又要强调具体情况具体处理的弹性以促进义务馆员工作的可持续发展。义务馆员管理中的弹性化原则具体体现为人员招聘、职责定位、组织管理、队伍建设等方面的灵活变化。图书馆员在日常工作中需给义务馆员以人文关怀和呵护。     

Effects of pairs of problems and examples on task performance and different types of cognitive load

In two studies, we investigated whether a recently developed psychometric instrument can differentiate intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load. Study I revealed a similar three-factor solution for language learning (n = 108) and a statistics lecture (n = 174), and statistics exam scores correlated negatively with the factors assumed to represent intrinsic and extraneous cognitive load during the lecture. In Study II, university freshmen who studied applications of Bayes' theorem in example–example (n = 18) or example–problem (n = 18) condition demonstrated better posttest performance than their peers who studied the applications in problem–example (n = 18) or problem–problem (n = 20) condition, and a slightly modified version of the aforementioned psychometric instrument could help researchers to differentiate intrinsic and extraneous cognitive load. The findings provide support for a recent reconceptualization of germane cognitive load as referring to the actual working memory resources devoted to dealing with intrinsic cognitive load.     

Is there a role for direct instruction in problem-based learning? Comparing student-constructed versus integrated model answers

Problem-based learning (PBL) requires students to formulate learning issues that need to be answered by studying multiple literature resources. Advocates of high instructional guidance argue that this is too cognitively demanding for students and ineffective for learning. Therefore, we examined the effects of studying an integrated model answer in the self-study phase in PBL. Participants (N = 62) engaged in a simulated group discussion, ending with the establishment of learning issues. Then they either studied integrated model answers to the learning issues, or undertook a standard PBL self-study phase in which students needed to construct their own answers based on multiple literature resources. Higher learning outcomes were obtained for the participants who studied integrated model answers when compared to the participants who constructed their own answers. These higher learning outcomes were obtained with lower investment of self-study and equal investment of mental effort during learning.