风险投资或自我积累——初创期企业的融资策略选择

本讨论了创业企业在创立初期所普遍面临的决策问题：采用风险投资还是通过自我积累来获取发展所需资金。章采用理论模型和实际案例相结合的方式，重点分析了风险投资环境、企业核心能力柔性、团队融资能力以及融资中介等因素对创业企业资金获取方式决策的影响。章最后得出结论，认为在融资环境和条件不佳的情况下，具有较高核心能力柔性的创业企业应该选择自我积累的方式来保证企业的生存和发展。     

Note-taking in the college classroom as evidence of generative learning

College student notes were analysed with respect to the amount of words copied directly, omitted and added to the teacher’s overheads or PowerPoint slides in order to understand the effect of teacher scaffolds on student generative learning during initial encoding. Scores on quizzes taken at the end of classes from which notes were collected were analysed with respect to the content of student notes and teacher scaffolds. Statistically significant results were found when comparing how much students copied, added and omitted, whether teachers used PowerPoint presentations or overheads, and with respect to the amount of information teachers presented visually. Significant effects also were found on performance quiz items with respect to the amount of information that teachers provided.     

教育博客支持下的个人学习策略

教育博客的兴起引起了学习者学习范式的转变,表现出技术平民化、叙事数字化、思想多元化、学教协作化、表达个性化等教育特性,并对学习者的认知策略、元认知策略、资源管理策略等学习策略提供了有力的支持。     

基于“乖张”准则的言语幽默生成机制研究

乖张是"违异之意".违背规律,古怪离奇,不合时宜,不合逻辑,不合情理,都可视为"乖张".乖张是幽默产生的重要源泉.有乖于"情"是言语幽默生成的心理机制;有乖于"理"是言语幽默生成的逻辑机制;有乖于"常"是言语幽默生成的文化机制;有乖于"认知"是言语幽默生成的认知机制."乖张"准则在言语幽默的构建中有着十分重要的作用,只有充分理解它并有机地运用于实际,我们的言辞才会更加风趣,我们的交际才会更加顺利.     

Cognitive Analysis on English Listening Comprehension Problems

In order to improve students' listening ability, teachers must know the nature of listening comprehension, and what are the problems during the process of listening for the students. Therefore, in this paper, the author adopted three-stage model of listening proposed by Anderson to help teachers trace the source of the problems in listening comprehension and guide learners how to deal with or overcome some of the listening problems.     

Cognitive systems for intelligent business information management in cognitive economy

This paper will present new theoretical and applied solutions for intelligent data analysis and information management in the fields of cognitive economics. Intelligent data analysis and information management are performed by information systems called cognitive systems, dedicated for semantic interpretation of acquired business information. To interpret the meaning of the analysed data, complex linguistic algorithms must be used, based on which it is possible to find the core information elements for business processes forecasting and economical knowledge management. The presentation of selected methods of semantic data analysis in cognitive economy, which allow to perform both local and global information management forms the main subject of this paper. Here, semantic analysis methods are dedicated to cognitive economics problems, namely the interpretation, analysis and assessment of the meaning of selected sets of economic/financial ratios. The meaning of the interpreted data sets is assessed by analysing the layers of meaning contained in data analysed sets. Obtained semantic information may be used in future business processes evaluation and forecasting.     

从建构主义与行为科学的视角探析信息检索

依据当下信息检索过多关注工具的学习和技术的研究,而对信息检索主体的知识构建和行为认识关注甚少,致使信息检索的重心取向日益脱离了检索能力的培养,未意识到检索能动性对信息检索的实际效益。文章从知识建构和行为科学的角度论述了作为检索主体—人在信息检索中所应具备的建构知识和成熟行为对检索能力获取的主导作用,以及产生检索能动性所不可或缺的先决性条件,使人本身主动去发起信息检索行为,并充分意识到信息检索的泛在存在。     

施引文献视角下国外认知转变研究进展

[目的/意义]旨在展现国外认知转变研究进展。[研究设计/方法]将提出认知转变理论的论文作为种子论文,对施引文献进行关键词词频统计分析,再通过文献研究法,结合施引文献对认知转变研究的发展动态进行述评。[结论/发现]关键词词频统计分析展现了认知转变研究的重点和热点;认知转变研究发展动态主要体现在三个方面:认知转变的表现形态、认知转变对信息系统用户行为的影响、认知转变对团队和组织行为的影响。[创新/价值]结合施引文献展现了国外认知转变研究进展,对图书情报领域应用认知转变理论开展研究的未来方向进行了探讨。     

老年人在线信息搜寻行为研究述评

[目的/意义]梳理老年人信息搜寻行为的研究进展,有助于厘清老年人在线信息搜寻行为的特征及影响机制,可为老年人网络平台设计、信息资源组织和智能设备研发提供可靠的认识论依据,为顺利推进“智慧医养”建设提供启示。[研究设计/方法]回顾国内外老年人信息搜寻行为研究文献,归纳、分析其主要的研究内容、理论、方法、情境等。[结论/发现]相关研究主要集中在老年人信息搜寻行为影响因素、老年人信息搜寻过程和老年人信息搜寻结果三个方面。当前研究存在跨文化研究和基于纵向数据的研究较少等核心问题;跨文化的老年人信息搜寻行为、将游戏化思想引入老年人信息搜寻过程、进行大样本的自然搜索实验研究等是未来研究中值得关注的几个方向。[创新/价值]详细梳理了老年人在线信息搜寻行为研究进展,指出现有研究存在的问题,并提出未来可关注的研究方向。     

探索式搜索行为的先验知识分析与信息服务策略研究

[目的/意义]研究网络环境中学术用户的探索式搜索行为特征,设计专业的信息服务策略,帮助馆员精准定位用户需求,提高服务的准确率。[研究设计/方法]以探索式信息搜索的3个不确定性为核心,整合探索式搜索行为的知识构建、问题情境与认知阶段,分析用户的领域知识和搜索技能对探索式搜索行为的影响。[结论/发现]根据先验知识集合将学术用户分为4种类型,结合用户搜索过程中的不确定种类与认知阶段,分别提供基础型、辅助型、辅导型和专业型服务。[创新/价值]围绕探索式搜索行为的不确定性,提出探索式搜索行为的认知过程框架及分类型分阶段信息服务策略。