Through the lens of justice: Just world beliefs mediate relationships between perceived discrimination and subjective well-being

Previous research has found that experiences with discrimination are often associated with lower levels of well-being among ethnic minority members, but hardly any attention has been given to the processes underlying this relationship. Two studies were conducted among ethnic Turks and Moroccans in the Netherlands to examine the hypothesis that the belief in a just world for self mediates the association between perceived discrimination and subjective well-being. In both studies, negative relationships were found between perceived blatant and subtle discrimination and subjective well-being. These relationships were, however, fully mediated by people's belief in a just world for self. The reversed possibility that perceptions of discrimination mediate the relationship between the belief in a just world for self and well-being, was not supported. These findings lend support to the idea that discrimination has a negative effect on ethnic minority members’ well-being because it undermines their belief that the world is just to them.     

Equitable access to information in libraries: A predicament for transgender people

Abstract

Discriminations against members of the lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender/queer (LGBTQ) community havebeen reported in every sphere of life, including in libraries. This paper reviewed the literature on transgender studies particularly in relation to the role of libraries. It highlights the problems faced by transgender people in accessing information in libraries and the importance of making libraries more inclusive.     

Rejection identification or disindentification? The association of discrimination on depressive symptoms via religious and national identity among British Muslims

Muslims comprise a small, yet important and growing percentage of the population in the United Kingdom. In addition to economic and social hardship, British Muslims are disadvantaged by hostile, Islamophobic attitudes and pervasive discriminatory practices. Previous research testing the Rejection-Identification (RIM) and Rejection-Disidentification (RDM) Models has suggested that the impacts of discrimination on the well-being of minorities may be mediated by processes of increased minority identification and decreased majority identification. The current research utilised these explanatory frameworks to investigate the relationships between personal discrimination and perceived Islamophobia, religious and national identities, and depressive symptoms in young British Muslims aged 16–27 years (N = 142). The results provide support for some, but not all, elements of the theoretical models tested. Specifically, perceived Islamophobia was directly associated with stronger Muslim identity, and personal discrimination was associated with weaker British identity. Furthermore, personal discrimination was associated with greater depressive symptoms; neither social identity was associated with more favourable mental health outcomes; and Muslim identity was weakly, but significantly, associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. This research points to the need to assess personal discrimination alongside indicators of group level discrimination, to include multiple social identities, and to be mindful of broader social and contextual factors when investigating RIM and RDM.     

Coming to America: challenges and difficulties faced by African student athletes

There is a considerable lack of literature on international student athletes despite the extent to which colleges and universities are increasingly relying on them to heighten the winning reputation of their sports programs. This research focuses on international student athletes from Africa. Based on interviews of 16 student athletes from seven different African countries, the range of their experiences upon entering universities in the United States, particularly their challenges, were identified. Many of the serious issues affecting the student athletes were matters related to the host environment's underestimations about the African student athletes’ desires to learn, misunderstandings about their culture and religions and other negative assumptions that undermined their academic success. We also found that the vast majority of these student athletes experienced negative stereotypes and discrimination based on their race and their region of origin.     

Discrimination and multicultural identity configurations: The mediating role of stress

The present research examines perceived discrimination as a predictor of how multicultural individuals negotiate and configure their different cultural identities within the self. We focused on three multicultural identity configurations: having one predominant identity (categorization), compartmentalizing one’s different identities, and integrating one’s identities. Since discrimination is related to intraindividual discordance and is stressful, we examined the mediating role of stress in the associations between discrimination and the identity configurations in 259 multicultural individuals. Mediation analyses revealed that greater discrimination predicted compartmentalization through greater stress, while lower discrimination predicted greater identity integration through lower stress. Categorization was not predicted by discrimination or by stress. Discrimination and stress appear to have damaging and depleting roles that hamper multiculturals’ capacity to reconcile their identities into a cohesive whole.     

传世名画《五牛图》辨伪——兼谈中国古代书画鉴定及其相关问题

韩滉的《五牛图》体现了唐代绘画的高超技巧,是中国绘画史上具有里程碑意义的重要作品。我们发现的私人藏本《五牛图》画面与北京故宫博物院所藏如出一辙,但其画面尺寸比故宫本长30多公分。故宫本画心有乾隆皇帝题字,私人藏本画心却有宋徽宗的题字和画押,钤方形双龙纹玺印,而引首却有乾隆手书"真迹无疑"四个大字。经过比照、考证、辨伪,我们认为,私人藏本《五牛图》卷为唐人韩滉所绘真迹。     

‘Changing the context’: Tackling discrimination at school and in society

In this paper we propose a social psychological framework for studying the role of schools in promoting positive intercultural relations. We draw on data from schools in England where addressing issues of cultural diversity is a key aim of educational practice. We focus specifically on the role of social context in educational activities that tackle discrimination. We consider the socio-political context, local community context, and immediate school context from a social representations theory perspective. Using data from interviews with staff and focus groups with students in schools from three very different localities, we show that the socio-political context may limit schools’ ability to promote positive intercultural relations but also that it is possible for schools to promote broader change from the bottom-up, acting as agents of change at a societal level, i.e. in terms of changing the local and broader societal contexts in which they are located.     

从社会学视角解读歧视艾滋病感染者的行为

当前,歧视艾滋病感染者已成为社会乃至整个世界的一种普遍现象。本文通过对歧视艾滋病感染者的行为表现及原因的分析,辨证地评价这个问题产生的风险,并就如何解决对艾滋病感染者的歧视和如何控制艾滋病的传播等问题提出一些相应的对策与建议,使大众加深对艾滋病患者的理解,并能够洁身自爱,远离艾滋病的侵扰。     

CTT框架下基于数据分析的高考试题质量评价标准——对2004-2008年高考北京卷的实证研究

考试质量的评价是当前教育和考试研究领域的一个重要课题。其中,对试卷和试题的定量评价是考试质量评价的重要基石。本文以高考北京卷的全总体统计分析为基础,从实证的角度出发,提出基于数据的高考试题质量评价标准。主要涉及试题的难度、区分度、选项分析、有效分数区间及分值利用率等方面。分析结果表明,对大规模教育考试试卷与试题的质量评价,要考虑考试类型、学科、题型、分值权重等因素。要根据考试的科目、题型设定不同的难度标准;评价区分度要考虑其分值权重,对选择题可以进一步分析其选项;对多值计分题可以进一步考察其有效分数区间和分值利用率。     

论托妮·莫里森小说中美国黑人自欺的自我认识

美国黑人女性作家托尼·莫里森笔下的角色常处于精神和文化缺失的黑色孤岛上.他们在现实生活中遭遇歧视和迫害后常形成自欺的自我认识,以逃避来自外界的焦虑和自我认定的责任,从而导致自我的迷失,甚至是自我颠覆.这篇文章从萨特的本体论入手,分析了三种自欺的自我认识,以反映黑人群体在白人主流文化的冲击下,在被歧视的白人社会中所遭受的心灵的煎熬和困惑,以体现黑人精神和文化重建的必要性.