气候变化对黄河首曲地区草地生态退化的影响

黄河在甘肃玛曲县境内形成了一个长433km“U”字形的第一弯，这里拥有大面积亚高山草甸类草场和沼泽湿地，被誉为亚洲最好的牧场之一，但是，近50年来黄河首曲草地生态逆向演替，草场退化、沙化，水土流失，生物多样性减少，生态功能弱化。利用黄河首曲玛曲县草地与湿地气候资料和生态观测资料及统计资料，分析研究表明：造成生态环境退化的主要原因是气候变化和环境蠕变。玛曲县降水量年际变化呈下降趋势，气温年际变化趋势呈上升趋势，增温速度均大于全国增温速度。草地年干燥指数呈显著上升趋势，20世纪80年代末至2004年明显趋于干旱化，气候变化是草地生态退化的自然诱发因素，而超载过牧，滥采乱挖，人为破坏，生物链失衡等环境蠕变是造成生态退化的人为因素,二者共同作用导致黄河首曲草地生态环境退化。为此，提出了适应高原草地生态环境演替规律的生态环境保护对策。     

西电东送输入区环境效应综合评价

西电东送是解决我国能源空间产销不平衡的重要途径,也是改善东西部地区环境质量的重要手段之一.对东部输入区而言,西电是清洁能源,其环境效应显著.具体体现在西电输入可以直接替代东部地区原有小火电,减少污染物的直接排放,尤其是消除对环境造成极大破坏的SO2排放导致的酸雨污染;同时将间接推动东部地区能源消费结构的优化,为东部地区经济发展提供更多的环境支撑.本文以广东为例,利用计量经济学方法定量分析西电对输入区的环境效应及其潜在的间接环境效应.数量分析结果表明,西电的输入对降低东部地区与电力相关的污染物排放作用是显著的.针对西电输入、输出区环境容量不同的经济价值,提出西电东送可以同时提高双方的环境容量及其边际价值,提高双方的总体社会福利水平.以西电东送为纽带,推动区域经济合作和协调发展,实现西电东送战略的持续实施.     

“主客”感知对比下民族地区旅游环境影响测评

以桂、黔民族旅游地为例,从＂主、客＂的角度对比分析二者对旅游环境影响感知的异同,并对＂主客＂间感知异同的原因进行了探析。研究发现,＂主客＂对旅游正面环境影响的感知强于负面,且双方对旅游正面环境影响的感知程度较一致;负面感知上双方存在较大差异,居民的负面感知不如游客强烈。影响＂主客＂对旅游地总体旅游发展满意度的环境指标同样存在差异。     

环境规制的节水效应分析——基于正式环境规制与非正式环境规制的视角

为从根本缓解水资源对工业发展的束缚,反思现有环境规制政策能否有效实现节水效应。基于脱钩测度模型和面板门槛模型,分别验证正式环境规制与工业用水以及非正式环境规制与工业用水的关系,进一步引入正式与非正式环境规制的交互项进行分析。结果表明:环境规制与工业用水量处于从“震荡波动”到“持续脱钩”的状态,工业用水量随着环境规制的变化出现平稳或者减少的趋势。正式和非正式环境规制与工业用水量之间都呈倒U型曲线关系,用水库兹涅茨曲线存在。此外,正式环境规制与非正式环境规制之间存在双向传导路径,相互促进对方对工业用水的作用效果。因此,政府需要强化对非正式环境规制的重视,增强环境规制工具的节水效应,促进工业企业的转型升级。     

产业聚集与环境污染-基于中国城市数据的空间计量分析

本文用中国2003-2012年285个地级及以上城市的数据,运用空间计量模型实证分析了产业聚集对环境污染的影响。空间自相关性检验表明,中国城市环境污染存在显著的全局空间自相关性和局部空间集聚效应。空间计量回归结果显示,产业聚集显著加剧了环境污染,表明当前中国产业聚集带来的环境负外部性大于环境正外部性;经济发展水平与环境污染之间存在“倒U”型曲线关系,验证了环境库兹涅茨曲线的存在。最后,提出聚集区改善环境污染的政策建议。     

社会主义核心价值观的包容性及在高校思想政治教育中的应用

社会主义核心价值是社会主义核心价值体系的内核,相较之下,更具有稳定性和理论抽象性。社会主义核心价值观的包容性是指对古往今来人类一切优秀价值理念的包容。横向来看,是对西方优秀价值理念诸如理性、正义观念的包容;纵向来看,是对中国传统文化中的积极部分如和谐理念的包容。同时,社会主义核心价值观还应坚持马克思主义这一价值前提。在此基础上提出了社会主义核心价值观是以马克思主义为指导,坚持理性、民主、自由,以构建和谐社会,实现社会公平、正义为价值追求的观念集合和基本价值准则。     

The Sword and the Sun: The Old World Drought Atlas as a Source for Medieval Mediterranean History

The release of the Old World Drought Atlas (OWDA) in November 2015 provides historians with an unprecedented glimpse into the climate of the medieval world. Through the careful examination of tree-ring data provided by the OWDA, historians can better gauge how the environment affected the course of medieval Mediterranean history, particularly in times and places where textual data is sparse, such as North Africa. The case studies of the Norman conquest of the coast of Ifrīqiyya in the 1140s and the invasion by the Banū Hilāl in the mid-eleventh century show the utility of the OWDA for gaining a better understanding the medieval Mediterranean. In particular, OWDA data shows that the arrival of the Banū Hilāl into Ifrīqiyya coincided with a period of extended drought that is not documented in the written sources and suggests that increased competition for scarce resources was instrumental to their entrance into the region.     

正义与邪恶的化身——论《白鲸》中亚哈船长性格的双重性

《白鲸》讲述了饱经风霜的亚哈船长与他的仇敌白鲸之间惊心动魄的故事.亚哈身上体现了令人钦佩的正义品质:百折不挠、英勇无畏、经验丰富;同时还具有令人恐惧的邪恶力量:偏执、自私、专横.他集正义与邪恶与一身,具有鲜明的双重性.     

Teachers' perspectives on environmental education in multicultural contexts: Towards culturally-responsive environmental education

This inquiry explores teachers' perspectives on enacting environmental education in a Québec urban locale with high student diversity. Participating in focus groups and interviews, teachers from three schools discussed their experiences incorporating environmental education into their multiculturally-diverse classrooms. Challenges included value clashes, a lack of common lived experiences, and reconciling contradictory educational perspectives and political policies, which often placed teachers in paradoxical positions. Findings suggest moving toward practices of culturally-responsive environmental education that demand more than awareness but include interactive dialogue. Teachers need support from beyond the classroom and the capacity to develop curriculum facilitating the inclusion of students' culture.     

The Centre for Research into Higher Education at the University of Amsterdam (Centrum voor Onderzoek van het Wetenschappelijk Onderwijs,COWO)

This study is part of a first study of collaborative socio-environmental projects that engage Jewish and Arab students in Israel in learning about their local environment and about each other through outdoor learning and environmental action. We used ideas of social learning and environmental citizenship to frame our research. We investigated students' knowledge regarding their local environment and their knowledge of each other's community. We also studied the participants’ views regarding their project-partners'environmental knowledge, awareness and behaviour in comparison to their own. Initially, differences were found regarding various aspects of the students' socio-environmental knowledge and in students' views of their counterparts' environmentalism. At the end of the projects, students showed better understanding of local socio-environmental issues and demonstrated changes in their original views towards the environmental awareness and behaviour of their counterparts. These findings suggest that projects which involve students from segregated communities not only promote environmental awareness but contribute to a reduction in mutual prejudices. We suggest that the differences we found are not related to ethnicity, but rather to students' socioeconomic status and experience in environmental education programmes.