西部数据中心数据集成和共享的回顾与展望

中国西部环境与生态科学数据中心承担西部计划项目数据产出的收集、管理、集成,并面向西部环境与生 态科学的各个领域提供科学数据服务,形成了从数据收集、规范化整理、集成挖掘到数据服务的体制,建成了功能丰富 的数据共享网站系统,集成了一批西部环境与生态乃至整个中国陆域地球表层科学方面的关键数据集,为西部计划等项 目及科研团体与个人提供了持续的数据服务。文章总结了西部数据中心的总体框架、数据集成和数据服务,并探讨了西 部数据中心持续发展的方法。     

风险的呈现及其隐匿——从“太湖水污染”报道看环境风险的媒体建构

本文以媒体建构论为理论框架,对六家报纸2007年太湖水污染报道进行内容分析,从消息来源、报道主题、风险归因方式及报道立场等方面考察媒体如何报道与呈现相关环境风险。研究发现,不同类型媒体在消息来源与风险归因方式上不存在显著差异,均高度依赖政府信源,存在简单化归因倾向;但在报道主题和报道立场上存在显著差异,当地媒体在政府主导型的报道框架下表现出明显的负面新闻正面报道的宣传逻辑。     

Using the Arts to Raise Awareness and Communicate Environmental Information in the Extension Context

Abstract

Extension services face an increasing challenge as the state of Australia's environment declines. It is, therefore, opportune to explore some innovations in the way extension is traditionally delivered. This paper introduces the concept of the visual and performing arts being useful in extension of natural resources management issues such as land water degradation, biodiversity conservation, catchment protection and vegetation management. The paper surveys how the arts and science have met historically and contemporaneously, focusing on examples from ecology such as wildlife and botanical art. It then examines how extension practitioners view the arts, through an analysis of interviews with 26 extensionists working in natural resources management. Extensionists identified five areas that the arts might be utilized to help increase understanding and knowledge of natural resources issues: improving presentations; improving public campaigns and general awareness-raising; aiding facilitation and community development; reinforcing values and beliefs; and helping build a culture that is environmentally sustainable. Despite the potential value of arts in extension, few practitioners in extension use the arts to any great extent to assist in the communication of their messages. The research points to new opportunities for natural resources agencies and conservation organizations to improve their reach into the community. By building a relationship with the arts community they will be able to improve the efficacy of their extension.     

The Role of Agricultural Consultants in New Zealand in Environmental Extension

Abstract

The aim of this study was to understand the role that agricultural consultants in New Zealand were undertaking in the Research, Development and Extension (RD&E) system—and in particular in relation to environmental extension. New Zealand does not have a public extension service and hence there is a strong reliance on consultants and regional councils for environmental management information and advice. As they are independent of the formal RD&E system there is no guarantee that RD&E outcomes are reaching farmers, nor that effective environmental extension is occurring. The study used a combination of case studies, phone interviews with informed persons and a national web survey to explore the role of the consultant. The study found that agricultural consultants are playing an important role in working with farmers to improve agricultural production. There are, however, indications that gaps have developed over time between agricultural consultants and the agricultural research sector which limit the effectiveness of the RD&E system. Agricultural consultants are playing a minimal role in proactive environmental extension because insufficient market forces are driving this role. The paper suggests that a national database of agricultural consultants could improve the flow of tailored information between research and agricultural consultants and also suggests mechanisms where consultants could be better integrated into the RD&E system and provide feedback to research programs. Market failure in the area of environmental extension could be addressed by publicly funded incentive programs.     

清代盛京内务府档案房职能研究——基于辽宁省档案馆藏《黑图档》的考察

文章选取辽宁省档案馆藏《黑图档》作为研究的依据,深入剖析其中盛京内务府档案房与其他部门的往来公文及存查档,进一步分析清代地方档案馆的工作内容。通过梳理档案可以发现,档案房的具体职责主要体现为五个方面:抄写、保管、汇总、印务及移交等文档工作。     

试析百越文化特征中的环境因素

通过对百越饮食习俗、交通方式、建筑风格、断发纹身、崖葬习俗、蛇图腾等独具特色的文化特征与其环境之间关系的分析,揭示了环境因素在民族文化特征形成过程中具有不可估量的重要作用。     

制度创新背景下NGO参与河湖共治共享的路径与机制研究--基于大冶市环境保护志愿者协会的视角

河湖长制等制度创新使我国河湖保护治理的法制体系不断完善,为社会参与河湖共治共享提供了新的机遇和保障。大冶市环境保护志愿者协会作为鄂东南首家民间环保组织,通过双轨制项目化倡导环境保护和自然教育,联合地方媒体进行河湖环境舆论监督,协助河湖长制办公室共同进行河湖治理,助推检察院提起环境公益诉讼,参与城乡规划谋求源头防治,搭建与政府和社会各界的对话合作平台,深度参与大冶当地的河湖共治共享,并取得了积极成效。这一方面依赖于自上而下的新制度环境作为外部保障机制;另一方面依赖于建立在组织结构合理、社会关系广泛、专业能力突出等基础上的内部运作机制。     

从酷吏的角度看中国古代的酷刑

酷刑与酷吏的存在,在中国具有悠久的历史。文章从历史发展角度,以酷刑的实施者——酷吏为切入点,对中国古代的酷刑进行论述,并对酷刑与酷吏之间的紧密联系进行分析,说明酷刑与酷吏在当时社会存在的必然性。     

元代戏剧中女性形象之论析

元代戏剧中塑造了为数众多的栩栩如生、个性鲜明的女性人物形象,她们继承了之前文学作品中女性形象所具有的众多关德,同时又具有其时代特点,诸如节义女性的大量出现,更多的下层妇女开始登上舞台,人物塑造的类型化,以及女性世界折射出的社会文化内涵,使之成为元代戏剧中人物形象的一个重要群体。