环境科学专业实验课教学改革探讨

针对传统的单科开设实验教学存在的问题,结合环境科学专业的办学条件和课程特点,从优化课程设置、整合实验内容、增加综合设计性实验、实施开放性实验和深入企业或基地实习方面入手,对环境科学专业实验进行了改革与创新。在教学模式上采用课内外相结合,在内容上采用基础实验与综合设计性实验相结合,在实验过程中采用独立操作与团队协作相结合,既激发了学生的实验兴趣,又提高了学生的实践能力、综合能力和科研素质,是一种较好的实验教学模式。     

师范类院校环境科学专业开展综合设计性实验的改革与探索

针对师范类院校在环境科学实验教学中存在的问题,结合学生的就业需求,设定综合性设计性实验。实验的内容涵盖水、大气、固体废弃物和噪声等常见的环境领域。综合性设计性实验着重于提高学生的实验设计能力、实验仪器使用与维护能力、数据分析与写作能力,最终提高学生的综合实验技能。综合性设计性实验还对实验的成绩评定进行了突破性的改革,锻炼学生的团队协作能力和表达能力。综合性设计性实验的设立最终将会极大地提高师范类院校环境科学专业的办学水平和学生质量。     

发达国家森林教育的发展及其教育启示*

森林教育是指在林地环境里,为儿童或青少年提供亲身体验的机会,以此来培养他们自信心和自尊心的一种户外学习过程与实践。英、德、美、日的森林教育发展的经验为我国的生命教育,环境教育与教学形式的多样化提供了启示与借鉴。     

Material selection combined with optimal structural design for mechanical parts

To reduce the environmental impact of mechanical parts, an approach integrating structural design and material selection was studied. Adding the discrete variable of material, a hybrid optimization model was built with the aim of minimizing environmental impact and based on an ordinary structure optimization model. An optional material set was built by combining measures of qualitative and quantitative screening, while the lifecycle environmental impact of the materials was quantified using the method of Eco-indicator 99. Two groups of structurally optimal solutions were calculated with ideal and negative-ideal materials selected respectively, and then the hybrid model was simplified by comparing the solutions. A material environmental performance index was calculated using an analytic method. By comparing this index for every material in the optional material set, the optimal material can be found and the structural solutions calculated. This method was applied to a dowel bar design process as a case study. The results show that the environmental impact of each material has a significant effect on the optimal structural solution, and it is necessary to study the integration of structural design and material selection.     

环保物联网技术在环境监测中的应用

文章介绍环保物联网的概念及应用的总体架构,论述了环保物联网在中国环保领域的发展与实践。对环保物联网在桂林市环境监测中的发展现状进行分析,并指出环保物联网在环境监测中应用存在的问题,提出推动环保物联网在桂林市环境监测建设和发展的建议。     

人力资本与环境库兹涅茨曲线*

环境库兹涅茨曲线描述了经济发展水平与环境质量之间的非线性关系。为了验证经济发展水平与水污染的环境库兹涅茨曲线关系,进一步考察人力资本对曲线的影响,应用系统广义矩估计(SYS-GMM)方法对中国30个省份2007-2017年数据进行实证分析。研究结果表明：第一,经济发展水平与水污染呈倒“U”形的环境库兹涅茨曲线关系；第二,人力资本是环境库兹涅茨曲线移动的“加速”因子,既能够缩小经济增长与水污染同步的“两难”区间,又能够推动经济发展,缩短“爬坡”时间；第三,人力资本是缩小东中西部地区经济差距的重要因素。因此,建议着力形成高级人力资本主导的人力资本结构调整格局,持续推进经济从高速增长向高质量发展转变；着力实施“内培外引”人才战略,以制度激励内生驱动力,实现人力资本的优化配置。     

中国生态现代化的战略思考

现代环境问题绝大多数是人为问题,人为问题需要人来解决,生态现代化理论为解决环境问题提供了新思路。本文分析了地球环境的三种影响因素,估计了21世纪的世界环境压力,介绍了生态现代化的基本原理,分析了中国现代化的环境压力和国际差距,阐述了中国生态现代化的路径图和战略重点。     

金衢盆地土地退化及其环境效应

本文从植被、土壤和地表形态等3方面探讨了金衢盆地土地退化态势，分析了土地退化成因及其环境效应。     

MBA Program Trends and Best Practices in Teaching Sustainability: Live Project Courses

This study offers a model for incorporating live sustainability consulting projects in an MBA curriculum to nurture cross‐functional faculty collaboration while offering students proving ground for solving contemporary challenges related to ethical management of all forms of capital. We attempt to first lay a foundation for the recent evolution of sustainability within business schools, and then provide evidence that an opportunity exists for decision science scholars to play a key role as facilitators of this wave of pedagogy. Our research is based on publicly available data that rank business schools relative to their integration of sustainability within MBA programs, our experiences with 39 project clients over a 3‐year period, an analysis of client and student feedback, and anecdotal evidence of success in the development of live project‐based consulting courses. The case study highlights the potential and scalability of this proposed pedagogy to deliver live projects as either a stand‐alone course or an integrated part of the curriculum.     

信息经济条件下环境价值评估的经济模型研究

随着经济的发展，人类对环境的污染越来越严重，经济发展与环境保护之问的矛盾越来越大。各国对环境问题给予更大的重视，在发展经济的同时，合理开发和利用环境资源，实现经济和环境的可持续发展。在信息时代，信息经济在很大程度上影响着环境资源配置，本文就在信息经济形势下，运用新古典经济学中关于福利经济的基本经济模型，对环境资源价值评估问题作出初步的探讨。