Techniques in X-ray astronomy

The excellent X-ray images produced by X-ray telescopes require the use of detectors with imaging capability at the focal plane of the telescopes. In this concluding part of the article on experimental techniques in X-ray astronomy, I describe many X-ray detectors that have been used over the years. These can broadly be classified into two physical types: non-dispersive and dispersive. Traditionally the simple non-dispersive types have been used extensively in X-ray astronomy. The advancement of solid state technologies, cryogenics, and the quality of X-ray imaging has led to many new detectors of both types. Both the traditional and the new types of detectors are described briefly here with emphasis on principles and some technical details. Kulinder Pal Singh is in the Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai. His primary fields of research are X-ray studies of hot plasmas in stars, supernova remnants, galaxies, intergalactic medium in clusters of galaxies, active galactic nuclei, cataclysmic variables and X-ray binaries. He is leading the development of a soft X-ray imaging telescope for the ASTROSAT mission to be launched by India in 2007–2008. Part 1. Imaging Telescopes,Resonance, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 15–23, 2005.     

流动注射荧光熄灭分析法测定碘离子

研究发现，在pH=6．0～11的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中，碘离子对荧光素汞的荧光具有熄灭作用，据此．结合流动注射技术，建立了碘离子的流动注射荧光分析方法，碘离子在0．10～4．0μg/L质量浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系，检测下限为75μg/L，该方法用于海带中碘含量的测定，具有操作简单快捷、灵敏度高、选择性好的特点。     

医学影像学教学改革的实施策略初步研究

为了保证医学影像学课堂教学有效性,促进医学影像学教学质量的提升,就必须在现有的教学基础上对医学影像学教学存在的问题进行改革。由此可知,“医学影像学教学改革的实施策略初步研究”这一课题具有重要的研究意义。为此,作者从医学影像学教学现状入手,对其进行了全方位、深层次的剖析,并在此基础上探究了医学影像学教学改革实施策略,给出了具有代表性的个人建议。     

The translucent cadaver: An evaluation of the use of full body digital x-ray images and drawings in surface anatomy education

It has been noted by staff at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University that medical students neglect the study of surface anatomy during dissection. This study reports on the novel use of Lodox® Statscan® images in anatomical education, particularly the teaching of surface anatomy. Full body digital X‐ray images (Lodox Statscan) of each cadaver (n = 40) were provided to second year medical students. During dissection students were asked to visualize landmarks, organs, and structures on the digital X‐ray and their cadaver, as well as palpate these landmarks and structures on themselves, their colleagues, and the cadaver. To stimulate student engagement with surface anatomy, dissection groups were required to draw both the normal and actual position of organs on a laminated image provided. The accuracy of the drawings was subsequently assessed and students were further assessed by means of practical identification tests. In addition, students were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire. A response rate of 79% was obtained for the student questionnaire. From the questionnaire it was gathered that students found the digital X‐ray images beneficial for viewing most systems' organs, except for the pelvic organs. Although it appears that students still struggle with the study of surface anatomy, most students believed that the digital X‐rays were beneficial to their studies and supported their continued use in the future. Anat Sci Educ. © 2012 American Association of Anatomists.     

从记忆到想像：艺术作为摄影时代的影像转向

在传统观念下,摄影被认为是真实时空中发生的事物和活动的复制品,是现实世界的纯粹反映,而数字影像的记录方式从实体的银盐变成了虚拟的像素,通过后期再加工合成或电脑绘图制作的影像把摄影从记忆中的现实空间转化为想象中的拟像空间,解构了传统摄影的确证和记录的本质,颠覆了摄影艺术纪实美、瞬间美的本体特性,重塑了当代影像艺术的创作与审美架构,步入瓦尔特.本雅明所预示的＂艺术作为摄影＂的时代。本文从传统摄影的本体特性切入,探讨数字影像技术对新闻摄影伦理观念的冲击,摄影艺术创作方法和观念的转变等问题。     

基于映射的信息检索逻辑模型研究

本文讨论了基于逻辑映射的信息检索模型,对该模型进行实例分析,指出该模型在实际应用中存在的一些问题.这些问题包括各可能世界的先验概率分布和各可能世界间的相似关系的计算.文中分析了当不同的文档中都包含有查询中的标引词时,如何区分文档的重要性,并对其中一些问题提出了改进的方法.     

虚物的成像规律及作图方法

物体的成像规律及作图方法贯穿几何光学的始终,在折射或反射、特别是在光具组的成像过程中,往往会出现虚物的作图求像,而教材又没有具体阐明相应的内容,针对这种情况,在近轴条件下,用平行于主光轴的入射光线的性质阐明虚物在各光学元件中的成像规律,并对主光轴上虚物点的作用给出一般的方法。     

浅析高等院校体育俱乐部式教学的作用

本文主要通过问卷调查 ,初步探讨高等院校体育俱乐部式教学对大学生终身体育意识和能力形成的作用。研究表明 ,俱乐部式教学的特点与优势 ,有利于学生终身体育意识、兴趣、习惯的培养 ;俱乐部与非俱乐部学生相比较而反映出来的差距 ,表明俱乐部式教学更有利于学生运动水平的提高和自身锻炼能力的培养     

对我国学校体育思想发展走向的研究

学校体育思想的确立，依赖于当时的学校教育思想、学校体育目标和学生身心的不同特点等一系列客观条件。     

试论体育兴趣、爱好与习惯——奠定学生终生体育基础应强调培养学生从事体育锻炼的兴趣、爱好和习惯

体育是需要强调人们亲自参加体育锻炼,并成为日常生活不可分割的内容。培养人们对体育的兴趣、爱好,养成体育锻炼的习惯是体育教育成果的一个重要标志。忽视培养学生对从事体育活动的兴趣、爱好和养成锻炼的习惯就不可能奠定学生终生体育的基础。故学校体育改革不仅要使学生掌握“三基”培养学生体育能力,而且应把体育课和课外体育活动结合起来,强调培养学生对体育的兴趣、爱好,养成体育锻炼的习惯,这样才能全面实现学校体育的目的任务。