Learning the American Way: Sports International and American Soft Power

Abstract

From 1962 to 1968, the United States Government along with private entities funded the training of athletes from developing nations through a non-profit organization named Sports International. Led by former Peace Corps member David Dichter, Sports International sought to enhance America’s image in Africa, Latin America, and Asia. The initial aim of the programme was to train athletes to compete at the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo. The theory behind Sports International centred on the notion that helping developing nations achieves athletic success would influence them to view the United States more favourably. The idea to form Sports International came in the midst of the Cold War as the United States and the Soviet Union battled on a multitude of fronts. This article argues that American leaders worried about the presence of the Soviet Union in developing countries and sought ways to maximize American influence in those areas. The theory of soft power, a concept most prominently explicated by American international relations theorist Joseph Nye, forms the framework for this study. By analysing Sports International through this lens, this article demonstrates several problems which might ensure should one overemphasize the effect of sport on a nation’s soft power.     

析我国涉外代理法律实施困顿

《涉外民事关系法律适用法》的出台,对我国法院审理涉外代理案件在法律适用上统一了标准。然而由于我国司法实践的匮乏,加之我国实体法中又无有关代理单行法对之概念加之明确,民法与合同法对代理的界定也不一致,这必然导致我国法院对涉外代理案件适用的困顿或导致出现司法惰怠。为保证我国关于涉外代理法律制度的有效、准确实施,我国有必要借鉴海牙国际私法会议《代理法律适用公约》中有关条款的规定,或以单行法的形式,或以司法解释的方式,明确界定《涉外民事关系法律适用法》关于代理法律制度规定的适用范围,对代理采用明确定义、穷尽列举及排除性条款相结合的方法,对代理的适用范围进行规范。以突破立法界定缺陷导致的司法困境．完善我国的代理法律法规。     

论公共关系的三维特性

通过对公共关系三维特性的论述,为人们对公共关系的进一步认识提供帮助.可以说,公共关系实践水平的逐步提高,是离不开其理论性的支持和方向性的引导的.     

The 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin: The Response of America's Black Press

Abstract

Eighty-seven female masters swimmers ranging in age from 20 to 69 were selected for a detailed study of their body composition and physiological responses at rest and during exercise. These women were then placed into two subsets, a highly trained group and a not highly trained group, on the basis of the frequency, duration, and intensity of swimming workouts. Significant differences were detected when comparing the highly trained and not highly trained subjects on measures of weight, body density, percent fat and lean body weight (p<.05). Significant differences which favored the highly trained group were also seen when comparing these same two groups for [Vdot]_E max, [Vdot]O₂ max (1/min), [Vdot]O₂ max (ml·kg^–1·min^–1), [Vdot]O₂ max (ml·kg·LBW^–1·min^–1), O₂ pulse (ml·kg^–1·beat^–1), and O₂ pulse (ml·kg·LBW^–1). Both the highly trained and not highly trained swimmers were considerably lower in percent fat than previously reported data for normal untrained women of similar ages. In both groups, however, percent fat across age levels within each training group showed significant increases at approximately 40 years of age (p<.05). In the highly trained swimmers, [Vdot]O₂ max (ml·kg^–1·min^–1) decreased at a mean rate of about 7% per decade, while in the not highly trained swimmers the decline was approximately 8% per decade. It appears that the rate of decline in [Vdot]O₂ max in women with aging may be independent of training status.     

浅谈比况表达式中的语音停顿现象

中间有语音停顿，书面上用标点符号隔开的比况表达式是一种比较特殊的表达形式。本文通过对比的方式，从表达式的词语功能、表达功能、句法功能、内部关系和结构形式几个方面对其进行初步探讨。     

论我国劳动者权益保护机制的构建

我国已初步建立了较为完备的劳动法律体系,劳动者合法权益的保护有了基本的保证。但当下侵害劳动者权益的情形时有发生,影响劳动者权益保护的因素也是多方面的,既有经济全球化格局、劳动力市场供过于求以及供需结构性矛盾的影响,同时也与政府监管不力和企业社会责任的缺失以及工会组织功能弱化相关。为了更好地保护劳动者的合法权益,在现有的法律法规的基础上必须整合、完善相关制度和机制,构建包括事前预防、事中协调和事后救济于一体的长效保护机制。     

中国劳动力市场运行轨迹及其发展障碍分析

在中国长达 40年之久的传统就业制度中 ,基本上不存在一般意义上的劳动力市场。单一就业格局的突破始于 2 0世纪 80年代初政府推出的“三结合”就业方针 ,而劳动力市场的形成则以国有企业中劳动合同制的推行 ,进而“再就业工程”的实施为标志。初步确立后的劳动力市场虽取得一定成就 ,但其发育并不平衡 ,并且市场自身的缺陷、市场供求主体的不明晰、工资调节机制不健全以及相关法律基础的不充分也在制约劳动力市场的进一步发育和完善 ,需要借助政府行为 ,通过深化改革 ,推进劳动力市场化进程     

琉球天妃信仰状况及其嬗变

阐述琉球天妃宫的状况、天妃信仰传入琉球的主要途径,探讨天妃信仰在琉球受容的原因,并对天妃信仰在琉球的神祇功能、祭祀嬗变等方面进行考察。     

电视访谈节目中的问句和权势关系——一项基于C-span中Q&A的研究

文章以批评性话语分析理论为理论基础,结合国内外学者对问句和权势关系的研究成果,通过对C-span中Q&A的2010年的6期节目进行分析,揭示了电视访谈节目中的问句与主持人和嘉宾之间的权势关系。     

信息与计算科学专业课程体系逻辑关系研究

本文主要以湖北文理学院信息与计算科学专业为研究对象,讨论了信息与计算科学专业基于"211"模式的专业定位与办学指导思想,着重介绍了该专业原课程体系与现有课程体系的差异,并以有向图的方式直观地显示出了课程体系的逻辑关系,最后对该专业建设给出了一些建议.