与葡萄牙科技合作的启示

简要回顾了我国与葡萄牙国际科技合作的历史,结合浙江大学与葡萄牙开展合作并取得一系列成果的成功案例,提出了开展国际科技合作必备的一些基本条件、合作伙伴的选择原则以及合作出效益的关键因素等.得出了与非科技强国合作同样能取得较好成效的结论.     

The good,the bad and the ugly: Three faces of social media usage by local governments

This article explores the determinants of local governments' use of social networking sites. It does so by analysing the relative impact of institutional, political and social determinants, while controlling for the impact of mayors' traits and social characteristics of municipalities on local governments levels of activity on Facebook. Empirically, this article presents a within-case analysis of Portuguese municipalities' activity on social media, aiming to shed light on the strategic use of social media by local governments. A coherent picture associated with politically pro-active local governments emerges from the results: higher levels of social media activity appear in municipalities with more competitive local elections and higher commitment to transparency. Moreover, findings suggest that local governments tend to be concerned with the low levels of voter turnout, potentially resorting to social media as a powerful tool to increase civic engagement and (offline) political participation. Levels of Facebook activity are significantly higher in larger and wealthier municipalities. The results indicate that Facebook official pages of municipalities are part of a larger arsenal of tools to promote political engagement and activity levels signal a propensity to involve citizens pro-actively.     

葡萄牙的殖民对巴西的影响

巴西作为第三世界国家在经济方面算是比较发达的。但其遭受的殖民统治对其经济发展至今还有着深远影响。1500年拉丁美洲被葡萄牙发现之后陷入殖民地的境地,给当地的土著居民带来了灭顶之灾。殖民活动使当地的文化传统几至消失殆尽。虽然拉丁美洲的民族解放运动使巴西获得了独立自主,但殖民主义在经济方面的影响是深远而可怕的。巴西在500年后的今天还是西方发达资本主义国家的原料产地和产品倾销地。文化方面,从现代巴西文学艺术等方面看到巴西对西方现代艺术的接受,这是西方殖民主义在精神领域对拉美的影响。拉美官方在描述这段历史的时候却将殖民者视为拉美的解放者；不是痛斥其罪行,而是歌功颂德,感谢殖民者将其纳入现代社会。这无疑是拉美当地文化被灭绝的后果。