The effects of sex education on psychological counselling students in Turkey

Sex education is not included in Turkey’s national curriculum and is rarely referenced in school and university curricula. This is even true for those undertaking training in psychological counselling where the need may be great. Only a very few university schools of education offer an elective sex education course. A group of 64 guidance and psychological counselling students in ?stanbul Maltepe University was formed and provided with a 13-week sex education course. Before and after this course, the Sexual Attitudes Scale (SAS) was used for data collection using a semi-experimental design. Significant differences were detected between pretest and post-test SAS scores and on all SAS subscales. Results show that comprehensive sex education is effective in positively changing the sexual attitudes of PC students, challenging homophobic responses and displacing patriarchal attitudes. Based on these findings, the provision of sex education courses more generally in university schools of education is recommended, especially in conservative countries such as Turkey.     

Effects of a sexual health education programme on school psychological counsellor candidates’ sexism tendencies in Turkey

This study examined the effects of a sexual health curriculum developed for school psychological counsellors in Turkey on the sexual health knowledge of the participating candidates, their beliefs in sexual myths and their tendencies towards ambivalent sexism and sexism in romantic relationships. The study adopted a semi-experimental design. Study participants included an experimental group of 59 students from a programme of guidance and psychological counselling in Ege University’s Faculty of Education and a comparison group of 33 students from the Department of Psychology in the Faculty of Letters. Findings suggested that the sexual health education curriculum increased knowledge of sexuality, decreased beliefs in sexual myths, and decreased ambivalent sexism and sexism in romantic relationships among the candidates.     

繁荣党执政与土美关系

1996年6月,以埃尔巴甘为首的伊斯兰政党在土耳其上台执政,引起了美国的极大关注。关于土耳其存在伊斯兰威胁的声音不仅来自西欧和美国,也来自中东和土耳其,但繁荣党执政期间并没有从根本上改变土耳其的传统外交路线,而是与美国保持了一种正常的外交关系。另一方面,美国对土耳其军方迫使繁荣党下台一事基本上是赞同的。就土耳其的情况而言,所谓“伊斯兰威胁”可以说是一种神话而不是现实。     

Counselor Education,Program Accreditation and Counselor Credentialing in Turkey

The purpose of this article is to examine counselor education and the current state of affairs regarding program accreditation and counselor credentialing efforts in Turkey. The paper considers the Turkish education and higher education systems, followed by a brief history of counseling and current counselor education in Turkey and, finally, discusses accreditation and credentialing processes in the country. Attention to these matters and, in particular, standardization and restructuring of undergraduate and graduate counseling programs is considered increasingly important for the development of counseling in Turkey.     

Music teachers in Turkey: their proficiency,working environments and problems

The aim of this study was the collection of data concerning Turkish music teachers’ proficiency and their place in the primary and secondary education system. In addition, information was collected regarding the teachers’ working environment and professional complications. A total of 200 music teachers’ opinions were compiled for the determination and evaluation of existing conditions. Opinions in different areas were analysed with statistical results indicating a government need to provide facilities and supply budgets for all levels of art and music education. Suggestions have been offered regarding the importance of educating qualified teachers and avoiding the impediments to their work. If carried out, music teachers’ job satisfaction will increase.     

Differential Effects Between Group Counselling and Group Guidance in Conducting a ‘Coping with Stress Training Program’ for Turkish University Students

This study aimed at investigating differential effects between group counselling and group guidance in conducting a ‘Coping with Stress Training Program’ for 24 Turkish university students. The dependent variables were coping with stress, irrational beliefs and optimism. A 3 × 2 design (treatment sequence by repeated measures) was applied. As a result of the treatment no significant difference was observed between the two experimental groups in any of the variables tested in the study; however, both experimental groups differed significantly from a control group in respect to coping with stress. With regard to the within-group comparisons, irrational belief tendencies in both experimental groups decreased significantly, while the level of optimism of the counselling group and the problem-focused stress coping tendencies of the guidance group increased significantly. Based on the findings, it was considered that the program for developing coping skills for stress might best be implemented in a group guidance format especially in Turkey where there are limited physical resources, a low number of staff to run programs and a high number of students in need of help.     

浅论迪斯累里的土耳其政策

本文主要通过论述英国首相本杰明·迪斯累里第二届任期(1874-1878年)对土耳其政策的实施过程,来透析其外交政策的实质。     

Statistical trends and developments within inclusive education in Turkey

The education of students with special needs in an inclusive environment is becoming more widespread throughout the world. Similarly, in Turkey, the inclusion of students with disabilities has also improved. However, current statistical trends and developments within inclusive education are not well known. The purpose of this study is to provide a statistical analysis of special education data, which were obtained from the Ministry of National Education of Turkey. The findings indicate that some statistical components of special education are missing from most official publications of educational statistics and the number of students and the proportions of special education categories in inclusive education vary from year to year. However, in Turkey, the percentage of students in inclusive education, of all students with special needs, is higher than many European countries. The results show that the number of students with special needs, as well as students in inclusive education, has rapidly increased. Turkey needs to focus on improving the schooling rate of students with special needs, and the quality and variety of special education services within inclusive education.     

Assessment of teacher motivation

The aim of this study is to contribute to the achievement of educational goals by determining teachers' levels of motivation. With this aim in mind, the opinions of 386 teachers employed in primary schools in Tokat province were sought. According to the findings of the study, the teachers stated that their needs were not fulfilled according to their expectations. According to the results of the study, it may be said that teachers occupy a field of motivation which is sufficient to contribute to the achievement of educational goals at a higher level.