Researching Internet Communities: Proposed Ethical Guidelines for the Reporting of Results

Communication researchers and social scientists are quickly discovering the value of data that exists in the postings of members of Internet e-mail, Usenet, and real-time groups. The ability to communicate with one's peers, no matter how esoteric the interests, is causing an explosion in the number of new virtual communities. The interpersonal dynamics of these groups are increasingly coming under the scrutiny of academic research. The publicly available archived records of Internet virtual communities are being analyzed for a wide variety of research interests. The ability to do naturalistic observations of group dynamics, as they are exhibited in these exchanges of text, has captured the attention of many researchers. The institutional review boards of major universities are granting researchers exempt or expedited (exempt from full review) status for this work, due to the public nature of the notes being analyzed. These studies often involve the lack of informed consent, where the group members under study are unaware they are being monitored. There is a potential for psychological harm to the members of these groups, depending on the way results are reported. This article explores the ethical considerations that must be taken into account to protect cyberspace participants. The guidelines proposed are based on the American Psychological Association ethical guidelines for use of human subjects in research. An explanation is offered as to how such guidelines can best be applied to the study of Internet communities. The constructs of Group Accessibility (the public/private nature of the actual cyberspace occupied by a group) and Perceived Privacy (the level of privacy that group members assume they have) are defined and proposed as two dimensions by which individual Internet communities may be evaluated in order to assure the ethical reporting of research findings.     

基于LabVIEW串行通信系统的开发

虚拟仪器是由软件实现的．其软件开发平台是LabVIEW。VISA是在所有LabVIEW工作平台上控制VISA、GPIB、RS-232以及其他种类仪器的单接口程序库，通过LabVIEW平台中的VISA模块编写控制程序，可以进行仪器控制。本文以串行通信为例．用LabVIEW构建仪器控制进行串行设备通信．在虚拟环境中使用VISA功能模块向串行设备读写数据，缩短了项目开发周期，提高了开发效率。     

Physical versus virtual manipulative experimentation in physics learning

The aim of this study was to investigate whether physical or virtual manipulative experimentation can differentiate physics learning. There were four experimental conditions, namely Physical Manipulative Experimentation (PME), Virtual Manipulative Experimentation (VME), and two sequential combinations of PME and VME, as well as a control condition (i.e., traditional instruction with absence of PME or VME). Undergraduate students' understanding of physics concepts in the domain of heat and temperature was tested in a pre- and posttest design that involved 182 participants assigned to the four experimental groups and 52 participants assigned to the control group. Conceptual tests were administered to assess students' understanding before, during and after instruction. The analyses revealed that the four experimental conditions were equally effective in promoting students' understanding of concepts in the domain of heat and temperature and better than the control condition; hence, manipulation, either physical or virtual manipulation, and not physicality, as such, at least in a context like the one of the present study, is important in physics learning.     

实时虚拟参考咨询服务新尝试——清华大学图书馆智能聊天机器人

实时虚拟参考咨询服务在图书馆服务中发挥着积极且重要的作用。清华大学图书馆基于开源软件A.L.I.C.E.开发出实时智能聊天机器人"小图",提供参考咨询、图书搜索、自我学习等多种服务,并将其推广至社交网络,取得良好的效果。     

虚拟社区中知识创新影响因素的实证研究

Web2．0环境下,虚拟社区作为社区成员进行情感交流、信息传递、知识共享的平台日益受到人们的青睐,但只有少数虚拟社区能成功地保持成员数量并激发其进行知识创新,因此研究虚拟社区中知识创新的影响因素对提高知识创新服务尤为重要。基于社会资本论,并结合前人相关研究成果,本文研究虚拟社区中知识创新的影响因素,建立假设模型,然后通过实证数据分析,揭示出个人价值、声誉、群体交互和认可感对知识创新数量和质量有显著正面影响。本研究成果将有助于虚拟社区更好地开展知识创新服务。     

数字参考咨询2.0应用的大学生需求调查分析——以南京高校为例

在对中美高校图书馆数字参考咨询2.0服务的网络调查的基础上,以南京高校为例,通过问卷调查,了解大学生对数字参考咨询的认知和使用情况,以及对数字参考咨询2.0服务的需求情况。最后对开展数字参考咨询2.0服务提出建议:在参考咨询中综合应用多项Web2.0技术,加强不同技术的融合,扩大参考咨询2.0服务范围,转变服务模式,提高参考咨询馆员专业素质,完善服务管理,加强参考咨询2.0的推广,开展用户培训。     

2010年中国的新闻传播学研究

本文对2010年中国新闻传播学理论研究方面做了扼要的梳理。划分为新传播科技、新闻理论、新闻史,传播学理论等四部分。文章认为,传播科技带来的新的媒介生态和未来发展的趋势,是这年新闻传播学界宏观思考的最大问题;在中观层面,对各二级学科存在的主要问题,已经有所反思。     

数字参考咨询2.0的图书馆信息互动机制

数字参考咨询2.0是基于网络环境下形成的一个综合技术、资源、理念和服务的开放性和社会性信息咨询与检索系统,其通过基本参考咨询方式、同步数字参考咨询方式、异步数字参考咨询方式、合作数字参考咨询方式、移动参考咨询方式、3G手机、3G笔记本、QQ咨询、中国移动飞信服务等完成信息互动过程。数字参考咨询2.0本质为鼓励用户通过现实或虚拟的方式参与一切咨询服务。若图书馆的信息生态系统结构和功能健康,则数字参考咨询2.0可开展强大的信息服务。     

VirtualBox安装及使用

VirtualBox是一个强大的x86和AMD64/Intel64虚拟机产品。VirtualBox功能极为丰富,性能极高。目前,VirtualBox可以运行在Windows,Linux,Macintosh和OpenSolaris主机,并且支持大量客户操作系统,包括Windows,DOS/Windows 3.x,Linux,Solaris和OpenSolaris,和OpenBSD。     

桌面型虚拟现实系统场景优化问题研究

桌面型虚拟现实系统的应用慢慢开始普及,特别是在网络上,有很多虚拟旅游、虚拟博物馆、虚拟学习环境,让人们在计算机前就能得到较为真实的直观感受。但是,虚拟现实场景的显示是由计算机的显卡和中央处理器实时运算产生的,对于小场景的虚拟现实问题不会很大,但对于大场景,如果不对虚拟场景模型进行优化处理,将大大影响其运行速度,降低虚拟现实场景的表现力。