对我国大学生体育运动竞赛现状及未来发展对策的思考

自1986年,原国家体委与国家教委在山东掖县召开会议,制定了在普通高等学校试办高水平运动队的措施以来,我国高校体育运动竞赛在近20年的时间里发展迅速,取得了显著成果.然而在这发展过程中,我国大学生体育竞赛中存在的问题也显现出来:大学生体育竞赛制度相对不完善,运动员代表资格较为混乱等问题,不但会对高校运动竞技水平自身的发展造成障碍,而且也将影响到整个国家竞技体育的发展.课题采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、比较研究法、数理统计法等研究方法,并提出了一些重要理论问题和认识问题,从而为发展我国高校竞技体育提供理论依据,拓宽新的发展思路.     

中、外体育产业竞争态势与战略研究

运用经济学原理,通过文献资料调研、对比分析法,阐述在经济全球化背景下,我国体育产业与西方发达国家在市场经济的发展和竞争中处于非对称性竞争状态,使得我国的体育产业过早地进入低水平稳定态,并在低水平稳定态中徘徊,进一步导致中国在体育产业全球化背景中规则制定能力的逐渐丧失和体育产业国际竞争力不断下降。为改变这种局面,中国应根据其国情,利用奥运金牌之优势,加强对重点体育项目的支持,优化体育产业的资源配置,理性开发“金牌产业”之战略,以期获得体育产业在经济全球化中的竞争优势。     

试论体育赛事背景广告的电视直播效果研究

通过对体育赛事背景广告与体育主题广告的区别、评价体育赛事背景广告电视直播效果的意义、作用等方面进行理论分析,并针对评价中的关键问题设计了相应的测定方法,从而得出体育赛事背景广告的电视直播效果的研究是可行的结论,以期为体育赛事背景广告方面的进一步研究提供参考。     

From the Point of View of Sport

Zero-sum aspects of sport have generated a number of ethical concerns and a similar number of defenses or apologetics. The trick has been to find a middle position that neither overly gentrifies sport nor inappropriately emphasizes the significance of winning and losing. One such position would have us focus on the process of trying to win over the fact of having one. It would also ameliorate any harms associated with defeat by pointing out that benefits like achievement, excellence, and moral development are available to winner and loser alike. Relying on the notion of ‘frame’ introduced by Polanyi, I argue that this approach underplays the poignant drama of sport (including the sting of defeat) and thus, seeks redemption at too high a cost. I argue for a version of red-blooded competition that is justified more by transcendence than mitigation, more by a willingness to play again tomorrow than civility during any single contest. I analyze sport in terms of its receptivity to such repetition and find that epistemological uncertainty, enhanced by the presence of chance in sport, renders repeat engagements both sensible and attractive. I conclude that sport verdicts, unlike outcomes in war, business, and love, do not settle things. Rather they invite both winner and loser alike to ‘play again tomorrow’.     

Cognitive behavioural strategies and anxiety in elite orienteers

The primary purpose of this exploratory field study was to examine the use of cognitive behavioural strategies by highly skilled orienteers prior to and during competition. A secondary purpose of the study was to investigate whether differences in the level of qualification in orienteering is related to state anxiety. The subjects were divided into three classes with respect to their international and national records. The first two classes (A and B) were composed of international and national level athletes. The third class (C) included orienteers with unknown international records. Examination of the use of behavioural cognitive strategies during competition indicated that all orienteers reported a moderate use of mental imagery, above moderate use of inner talk and a focus of attention on present action rather than past or future. The other major findings were that prior to competition, superior orienteers reported use of higher self‐efficacy, more positive outcome expectations and more task demand orientation than their less successful counterparts. Top orienteers coped more successfully with pre‐competition anxiety by lowering their anxiety to a more moderate level prior to the actual performance.     

Responses to Forces Influencing Cohesion As a Function of Player Status and Level of Male Varsity Basketball Competition

Abstract

This exploratory study determined if the responses of male varsity basketball players to six factors influencing cohesion were a function of level of competitive intensity and/or the importance of the players to their team. Players on intact teams from five levels of competition – elementary school, junior high school, senior high school, small college and large college–responded to a cohesion questionnaire at the end of the season. Coaches designated five players with the most game playing time as “starters” and five players with the least game playing time as “reserves.” A team factor score for Team Performance Satisfaction, Self Performance Satisfaction, Task Cohesion, Affiliation Cohesion, Desire for Recognition and Value of Membership was calculated. Each team factor score served as the dependent variable in a 2 (player status) × 5 (level of competition) analysis ofcovariance design, with teams nested in the second factor. The won-loss record served as the covariate. Results indicated that “starters” were more satisfied with their own performance, were more task conscious, had a greater affiliation desire, and valued their membership on the team to a greater degree than the “reserves.” The elementary and junior high school team members were significantly more satisfied with the team's performance, were more satisfied with their own self performance, were more affiliation conscious, and valued their team membership to a greater degree than did college team members. The interaction between player status and level of competition was not significant for any of the factor scores.     

同场对抗项群运动员竞赛最佳心理状态纬度构成及特征研究

依据流畅状态量表及体育科学常用量表中的相关量表,通过专家访谈和问卷调查,对问卷数据统计处理及验证分析,确立同场对抗性项群运动员最佳心理状态纬度结构,包括控制感、任务挑战性与个人能力的平衡、动作与意识的融合、注意集中于当前任务、明确的目标、自我认知及情绪性7个因素。结果表明,注意集中于当前任务、控制感、情绪性等因素具有较大的贡献作用。     

湖南省第九届大学生运动会田径比赛成绩对比与分析

对参加湖南省第九届大学生田径运动会不同组别运动员的比赛成绩进行对比和各项目前八名不同组别运动员的分布情况进行详细的阐述,揭示湖南高校2010年优秀田径运动员的分布和不同组别之间相同项目的差距与不足,为湖南省备战2013在辽宁省举行的第十二届全国运动会选拔优秀运动员和制订训练计划提供一个成绩信息的参考依据;同时也为2011年准备报考湖南省高等院校的运动员了解现阶段湖南省大学生田径运动成绩提供一个参考依据。     

2012年中国龙舟大赛比赛成绩调查研究

对2012年中国龙舟大赛8次不同地点比赛的成绩进行了调查研究。研究认为,中国群众龙舟整体水平不高、各地龙舟竞技水平参差不齐、男女项目发展不平衡、男子项目最好成绩达到世界优秀水平,对发展我国龙舟运动及提高竞技水平提出了建议。     

高水平太极拳运动员大赛前心理训练方法浅析

太极拳是中国体育文化中的瑰宝,它以丰富的哲理内涵、医学原理及优美绵柔的形体动作,吸引着海内外的爱好者。由于太极拳具有与其它拳种截然不同的特点,太极拳运动员的心理训练则更具有特殊意义。太极拳入门训练的时间较长,特别注重自我控制和意念引导,而在赛场上因动作缓慢、演练时间较长(5-6分钟)更容易显现心理情绪方面的问题,进而影响技术水平的发挥。