解决我国劳动就业问题的出路与对策

我国劳动力资源极为丰富且增长较快，劳动力市场供需矛盾十分尖锐，社会就业形势不容乐观，为保障国民经济顺利发展和社会稳定大局，迫切需要积极研究和实施治理当前失业问题和解决未来就业问题的政策措施。本文从我国劳动就业的现状、存在的问题出发讨论，提出缓解中国就业压力问题的8点对策。     

如何认识私营企业主的经营管理劳动

创造价值的劳动包括技术和管理等复杂劳动。生产性私营企业主的经营管理工作也是一种创造价值的劳动。     

劳动技术课的教学设计

劳动技术课是一门年轻的课程 ,根据劳动技术课教学的需要 ,对劳动技术课课堂教学设计应进行认真的探讨与研究。     

陕西人口素质与经济发展

本文从人口文化素质、劳动力资源文化素质、人力资源产业分布、城乡分布等方面分析了陕西人口素质状况 ,并运用劳动简化模型测定从业人员文化素质提高对陕西经济贡献率 1982年— 1990年为 2 7.13% ,1990年成— 2 0 0 0年为 30 .0 8% ,1982年— 2 0 0 0年为 2 9.5 1%。     

从对分数膨胀现象的分析看高等院校应对劳动力市场的压力

本文分析了高等教育对劳动力市场压力的一种消极反应——分数膨胀现象，回顾了现有研究对这一现象的认识，并利用某大学1992年-2003年的学生成绩数据研究了该大学在此期间不同年级学生平均成绩变化情况和不同学期课程平均成绩变化情况。得出了以下结论：该大学在此期间整体上没有明显的分数膨胀现象；任选课、公选课和通选课在此期间表现出了较为明显的分数膨胀现象。分析了产生分数膨胀的课程和院系的特点，为采取措施控制分数膨胀的发生提供了依据。     

农村劳动力流动与城乡收入差距扩大问题刍议

农村劳动力流动机制对缩小城乡收入差距有显著的积极作用。然而,在中国改革过程中,劳动力流动和城乡收入差距呈二律背反趋势。这主要源于农业投资有限、政策长期失衡、户籍政策僵化、经济结构与就业结构的部分失败、地域性转移相对不足、转移方式仍较落后等。欲解决上述矛盾,有必要发展活力城市、双向畅通劳动力转移渠道、建设更趋合理的农村教育体系及稳步推进户籍制度改革等相关措施。     

Labour perspectives on the new politics of skill and competency formation: International reflections

Skill/competency approaches to workplace-based policy seek to assess and train for discrete individual competencies with the goal of increasing employability and productivity. These approaches have become increasingly prominent across a range of advanced capitalist countries. A substantial critique has emerged over this same period regarding issues of instrumentality and social control, as well as the failure of skill/compentancy approaches to articulate a meaningful understanding of human learning capacities. In this article, these critical perspectives are clarified further by a review of contributions to understanding the skill/competence question emerging from sociology of work literature. Building from these critiques, this article outlines recent experiences with and perspectives on skill/competency frameworks amongst different national labour movements. Included in this outline is a more detailed, comparative analysis of Norway and Canada; here we see the lofty ‘new’, ‘knowledge economy’ rhetoric — in two countries where one might expect to see it blossom in application — brought down to earth by the realities of industrial relations, employer intransigence and intra-labour movement differences. ‘Skill/competence’ proves to be a floating signifier that, amongst both employers and labour, stands as a proxy for ‘power/control’ struggles. Degenerating in this way, from a labour perspective, the new politics of skill/competency formation is seen to have spiraled toward irrelevance in Norway and Canada; awaiting, in both countries, a re-invigoration through attention to changes in the participatory structure of the labour process itself.     

Special education students in the labour market: four case studies

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the employment status of 10 young men 10 years after leaving classes for the socially maladjusted. On the basis of their work careers, they were placed in one of 4 labour market sectors using the criteria (1) employed/unemployed at the time of the interview, and (2) history of long‐term/short‐term employment. Half of the young men were unemployed, 4 were working and 1 in prison. The large percentage of unemployed respondents was due to the exceptionally difficult economic situation prevailing in Finland at the time the interviews were carried out, as a result of which the national unemployment rate approached almost 20 per cent. Despite a lack of vocational education, all the young men but one had a positive attitude towards work, and those unemployed were actively seeking a job. There was almost no relation between the young men's school career and their work career, since those who had the longest‐lasting jobs were those young men who had had the most difficulties in school. When measured in terms of length of employment, the attachment of these young men to working life differed greatly: one had been for the entire postschool period (almost 10 years) in the service of the same employer, while another had had several jobs of a few months’ duration interspersed with periods of unemployment.     

劳动教育教研组建设策略

劳动教育是中国特色社会主义教育制度的重要内容,直接决定社会主义建设者和接班人的劳动精神面貌、劳动价值取向和劳动技能水平。要使劳动教育课程价值真正得以落地体现,指导教师起着关键作用。教研组作为引导教师成长的第一线,它的作用直接影响教师的专业化成长,关系到教育教学质量的提升。几年来,实践基地经过不断的实践探索,走出了一条适合基地劳动教育教研组发展的道路,取得了显著的成效。     

The ‘[h]unt for new Canadians begins in the classroom*’: the construction and contradictions of Canadian policy discourse on international education

In Canada’s first-ever strategy, international education (IE) is linked to immigration policy with international students (IS) recruited as ‘ideal’ immigrants. This paper engages in policy sociology and Ball's concepts of 'policy as text' and 'policy as discourse' (10). It follows three stages of critical policy discourse analysis. The first a simple tally of the most commonly used words/phrases in the Strategy; the second analyses it using Van Leeuwen’s framework and the third presents results from a study on the perception and experiences of IS, exposing the gap between policy rhetoric and practice. The paper concludes that critical discourse analysis is a powerful tool to uncover policy values/ideologies, identify legitimation strategies and reveal perpetuation of power relations/status quo within Canadian society.