论我国就业压力与就业立法

目前，中国政府正加大力度制定、实施各项促进就业的政策，以降低失业率，缓解就业压力。笔从中国目前的就业现状谈起，分析劳动法在解决就业问题方面的不足，以及与就业法的区别，揭示就业立法的现实意义，论证在我国进行就业立法的必要性，并对此提出一些立法建议。     

关于劳动与价值创造

商品价值是由生产商品的社会必要劳动时间决定，而不是由均衡价格决定，价值的本质是计量社会劳动的工具，是社会公平分配的依据。随着时代发展，创造商品价值的劳动不能单纯限定在物质生产部门，凡是有利于增加社会福利的活动都创造价值，都应依据其一般劳动耗费而取得相应的利益回报。     

浅议职业技术培训如何瞄准农村富余劳动力

当前,抓好农村富余劳动力转移工作,政府应加强规范管理,保证转移培训工作落到实处,做到“信息统一服务、技术统一服务、管理统一服务”。另外,还应做好桥梁和牵头搭线工作,充分发挥职业技术学校、培训机构优势直接面对农村,选择科技含量高、适应市场需求的培训技能,真正提高农村劳动力人口素质,实现农村富余劳动力就业有序转移和稳定转移。     

Enabling labour market entry for adults through non-formal education and training for employment in South Africa

Adult non-formal education and training (NFET) in South Africa was adopted in 1990 to address the problem of unemployment of non-educated and unskilled adults. Public and private NFET centres aim to meet the training needs of adults who were deprived of formal education that would foster access to opportunities for employment. The paper reports on a study conducted to investigate what constitutes NFET enabling environments for employment. The paper focuses on the approach of training delivery fostering labour market entry of graduates. The findings show that individual trainees who participated in private centres had a higher probability of being employed because of the creation of internal enabling environments for skills acquisition and focus on income-generating activities. The authors conclude that an integration of technical skills with business skills and ‘learning by earning’ is a potential training delivery approach enabling graduates to participate in economic activities.     

Measuring labour market success: a comparison between immigrants and native-born Canadians using PIAAC

Canadian society is characterised by a plurality of immigrants and Canadian migration policy and corresponding recognition approaches are strongly geared to economic criteria, qualifications and skills. This paper addresses the question how immigrants who have acquired their highest qualification outside Canada are able to use their foreign qualifications and skills in their current job. The analyses are conducted to verify the assumptions of human capital theory as well as the lack of transferability of human capital across country borders. To answer these questions a labour market success index is developed, which is used as a dependent variable in regression models. The results show that traditional operationalisations of human capital (years of education, years of work experience and skills) have a positive effect on individual labour market success. At the same time, being born abroad and having acquired one’s highest qualification abroad in comparison to Canada, especially in a Non-Western country, has negative effects on the overall labour market success of an individual. Detailed comparisons regarding different indicators of labour market success also prove these comparatively negative effects. The results demonstrate the limited explanatory power of human capital theory and the necessity to complement it with Bourdieu’s concepts of social and cultural capital.     

桑乾河中流淌着的唐宋诗

桑乾河发源于山西雁北,经河北西北部,穿越北京,汇入海河,注入渤海。历史上,在桑乾河流域,汉民族与少数民族展开了激烈的争夺。但这条河流进入诗人们的视眼,要远远晚于这里发生的征战。始于北齐,至有唐两宋时期,以桑乾河为主题的诗作才蔚为大观。这些诗歌,大多以战争为题材,也有羁旅行役之作,或朋友间的问候与思念,或讴歌和平。风格多慷慨激昂。从唐朝至有宋,流淌在桑乾河中的诗歌里,其嬗变之迹明显。     

我国农民工现状浅析

随着我国改革的深入和市场经济的发展,农村剩余劳动力大量涌向城市,形成庞大的农民工队伍。然而,农民工在城市工作、生活的现状却不容乐观。改革我国现行的相关制度,采取措施切实保护农民工权益,势在必行。     

对原始艺术起源说的反思

我国关于艺术起源的观点众多，其中“劳动说”、“巫术说”等存在片面性，没有摆脱传统理论束缚。需要指出的是：艺术起源的单轨说不能成立；对文献考古资料的不正确运用也会导致结论错误。二者均受先验观念影响，将原始社会过分简单化，认为艺术一定源于原始社会这个特定阶段。古典进化论是这些错误认识的根源。解决此问题的有效途径是在艺术研究领域引入“文化要素分析法”。     

农村劳动力市场的现状分析及对策

农村不断增长的富余劳动力资源，在一定程度上阻碍了农村经济的发展，因此，对富余的农村劳动力必须进行转移。我们只有在分析清楚农村劳动力资源的现状、农村劳动力的特点及农村劳动力市场现状后，才能对农村劳动力进行针对性的技术培训以提高他们的务工能力，有组织地进行输出以减小盲目转移。     

对中国非正规部门就业的研究与思考

中国正面临日益严峻的就业形势,作为劳动力就业主渠道的正规部门吸纳劳动力的能力不断下降，而非正规部门，以其覆盖行业广泛、门类繁杂、就业形式灵活机动的特点，正成为吸收大量劳动力就业，缓解城乡就业压力的主力军，成为推动中国就业结构调整的重要力量。文章根据对中国非正规部门就业历史发展与现状的研究，总结出中国非正规部门就业的特点,并对有关问题提出了对策建议。