现代经济学的方法论反思与理论发展

现代主流经济学热衷于照搬自然科学的研究思维和方法,这种强烈的方法论导向而非问题导向把经济学引入了一个致命误区:一者,经济学相对于自然科学缺乏定量的特性;二者,数学泛滥形成了以数学公式推演替代经济理论演绎的倾向。尽管如此,绝大多数经济学家却依旧保持熟视无睹的心态,甚至把反思者嘲讽为分析上的无能力者。其实,经济学具有不同于自然科学的学科特性,它研究的是社会现象背后的本质以及相互之间的作用机理,显然,这没有一个普适性的结论。因此,我们不能用形式逻辑一致性来评估经济理论的科学性,相反,经济理论的发展有赖于研究者的知识素养和人文关怀。     

University students setting goals in the context of autonomy,self‐efficacy and important goal‐related task engagement

In this study, the authors attempted to examine the roles of trait autonomy, trait self‐efficacy, important goal‐related task engagement and gender in predicting whether undergraduate university students are willing to set difficult goals. One hundred and thirty‐six undergraduate communications students from the North‐Eastern USA completed an online survey. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to create the multiple item variables. The relationships were examined using structural equation modelling. As predicted, results revealed that trait autonomy indirectly and positively predicted setting difficult goals through trait self‐efficacy and a person’s willingness to engage in important tasks. A willingness to take on important goal‐related tasks and self‐efficacy beliefs was associated with those who reported a readiness to set difficult goals. Results suggest that before males engage in challenging goal attainment they must perceive themselves as self‐efficacious, whereas females are inspired by tasks that are important to them. If the tasks are important, by implication, so are the goals, notwithstanding their difficult nature. In the ‘Discussion’ section, we suggest implications for team‐based learning.     

Component structure,reliability, and stability of Lawrence’s Self‐Esteem Questionnaire (LAWSEQ)

Lawrence’s Self‐Esteem Questionnaire (LAWSEQ) was administered to 120 Year 1 pupils in six schools in Belfast, Northern Ireland. A principal components analysis indicated that the scale items were unidimensional and that the reliability of the scores, as estimated by Cronbach’s alpha, was satisfactory (α = .73). There were no differences between boys and girls on either total scores or the individual items comprising the LAWSEQ. A follow‐up study, involving 71 of the children in Year 3, confirmed these findings but the stability of the scores between the two occasions (as indicated by Pearson’s r) was extremely low.     

The direct and indirect effect of motivation for learning on students' approaches to learning through the perceptions of workload and task complexity

The present study investigates the direct and indirect influence of motivation for learning, as understood by the self‐determination theory, on students' approaches to learning. Concerning the direct influence of motivation, results show that autonomous motivation is positively related to a deep approach to learning and negatively to a surface approach. Motivation also has an indirect effect on students' approaches to learning through the perceptions of workload and task complexity, in particular through the perception of a lack of information. The greater the extent to which students are autonomously motivated, the less they perceive that they have a lack of information and the less they are inclined to adopt a surface approach to learning.     

小学新入职教师的自我突破策略初探

新入职阶段是小学教师成长的关键时期,在从新手到熟手乃至专家型教师的转变过程中,自我突破策略既有助于教师角色的自我完善,更有助于其专业水平的不断提升。在自我突破策略包含的三个要素中,自我反思是基础,自我行动是关键,自我实现是目标。其中,自我行动策略包括自我扩展策略、自我提升策略、自我改变策略。每一策略对新入职教师的专业发展都有其独特功能。     

当前我国科技工作者价值观的基本特征分析

本文提出了当前研究科技工作者价值观的重要意义,分析了科技工作者价值观的内涵,提出了科技工作者两维价值观系统模型,并对北京、上海、浙江、江苏、陕西5个省区的企业、高校、科研院所1344名科技工作者进行了调查,论证了科技工作者两维价值观系统模型,在分析当前科技工作者价值观基本特征的基础上,提出了相应的政策建议。     

自然地理分区与青海游牧社会的历史演进

目前,学术界通常将青海划分为东部季风大区、西北部干旱大区以及南部高寒大区三个综合自然地理单元。这三个大区的地理环境要素,无论是气候、水文、地质、地貌还是土壤、生物等均有明显的地域差异。因而在青海古代游牧社会的历史演进过程中发挥了不同的作用,也为青海历史刻上了不同的印痕。     

大学生自我和谐与家庭亲密度的关系研究

以425名高校学生为研究对象,本文采用SCCS和FACESⅡ-CV以及SPSS分析方法,探讨了大学生自我和谐与家庭亲密度的基本情况,研究结果显示,大学生的家庭亲密度与自我和谐度、自我与经验不和谐程度、自我刻板性程度均呈现显著负相关,表明大学生家庭亲密度越高,则自我和谐度越高,而且不同类型家庭亲密度对自我和谐具有重要影响。     

文化与自然结合型景区廉政文化旅游资源开发研究

文化与自然结合型景区兼有自然和人文两种类型的旅游资源,往往景区资源中包含着山水审美意象、信仰体系中的廉政约束、文化中的廉政传统、廉政文艺等廉政文化内容。为充分利用廉政文化资源以有效提升景区产品价值,本文提出了以下对策:注重景区现有产品调研;深度挖掘景区廉政文化内涵;培育含廉政文化内涵的精品旅游产品;山水为形、文化为魂营造自然与人文景观和谐统一的廉政文化氛围;利用丰富载体,有效传播廉政文化。     

基于生物自然景观欣赏的学前儿童感官体验

感官刺激对学前儿童成长发育具有重要的作用,运用生物自然景观欣赏教学中的各类方法可以提高学前儿童智力和情感、美感感知的能力。