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71.
Environmental policy increasingly resorts to market-based instruments in order to meet sustainability objectives. The ‘carbon market’ instituted by the European Emissions Trading directive from 2003 is a canonical example, which has been described, and critiqued, as a delegation of policy objectives to market exchanges. In this paper, we examine the complex ways in which the operationalization of policy objectives and the organization of markets are intertwined, focusing on two other examples of European environmental regulation. The first one is the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control directive from 1996, which defined the ‘best available techniques’ to curb emissions in air, water and soil. The second one is the Renewable Energy Directive from 2009, which introduced criteria for the definition of the sustainability of biofuels. Through the analysis of the design and implementation of these two directives, we identify a central concern for the coexistence of various objects, and various initiatives undertaken by European institutions, member states and private actors. We use the notion of coexistence to describe a European political and economic ordering that is inherently hybrid, and cannot be reduced to a mere delegation of policy objectives to the market, or a legal constraint imposed on all European actors. It grounds its political legitimacy and economic rationality on the distribution of roles and responsibilities across public and private actors, and on the ability to ‘keep things different’ according to local variabilities. 相似文献
72.
Dave O'Brien 《Journal of Cultural Economy》2016,9(2):127-140
This paper considers the use of evidence for government decision-making using ethnographically informed data from the lived experiences of those involved in British cultural policy. It does this in order to engage and extend work that has sought to defend bureaucratic forms of activity. The paper offers an empirical case study of how the civil servants’ ethic of office [DuGay, P. (2008) ‘Max weber and the moral economy of office’, Journal of Cultural Economy, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 129–144] is reinforced by the identity of the social scientist. The use of social science in policy advice is a moment where the bureaucrats are able to distance themselves from political decision-making, thus reasserting an important aspect of civil service practice and identity. However, as the latter part of the article illustrates, the dynamics of cultural policy-making, in particular the use of economics, situate the role of social science as paradoxical. It is both supportive and corrosive of the bureaucratic ethic. This paradox is the basis for a critical perspective on the ethic of office as deployed in contemporary government. 相似文献
73.
非公有制经济是我国社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分。要谋求中国经济的快速发展,必须在坚持公有制为主体的前提下大力发展非公有制经济,这已成为全党全国人民的共识;而要更好更快地发展非公有制经济,必须建立健全促进非公有制经济发展的制度和政策支撑体系,改进政府管理和服务。 相似文献
74.
谭震皖 《江苏广播电视大学学报》2007,18(3):82-84
学校体育政策在高职院校执行过程中存在缺损,这是由于教育政策的执行主体在认识上有偏差,体育政策执行的条件和环境还需改善,体育政策本身有待完善。高职院校要落实好学校体育政策必须提高认识,完善政策执行条件和环境,加强监督与评估。 相似文献
75.
Kristian Garthus-Niegel Brit Oppedal Halvard Vike 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2016,60(1):48-71
Education has continuously been regarded as a vital tool in Norwegian policymakers' immigrant integration agendas. This study analyzes semantic structures substantiating the policy language of historical Norwegian immigrant education policies from their inception in 1973 until today (2013). The analysis is framed by Kronenfeld's linguistic anthropological theory “semantic extensionism”. Four distinct semantic models are identified through the historical period. Each model comprises specific overall policy programs, education system characters, teaching methods, and parameters for equality output evaluations. We show how the core semantic structures of each model, and the changes between them, derive from three interacting factor domains: (1) semantic inclusion and contrast relations, (2) pragmatic characteristics of practice fields, and (3) broader welfare state policy histories. 相似文献
76.
龚静 《重庆职业技术学院学报》2006,15(5):65-68
我国财政债务规模包括中央财政规模和隐性、或有债务规模。为此,只有全面认识财政债务的实际规模,并分析其不断扩大的原因,才能在实践中采取有效措施,控制和缩减当前的财政债务规模。 相似文献
77.
安锦 《内蒙古师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2002,31(3):44-47
面对WTO带来的机遇与与挑战,中国农业将如何发展?笔者认为,要熟和灵活应用WTO农业游戏规则,借鉴其他成员国的经验教训;调整和优化产业结构,推进农业产业化进程;调整农村就业结构,合理安排农村剩余劳动力。 相似文献
78.
AbstractAs a phenomenon exogenous to China, the Olympics have been proactively interpreted in the local context since China’s entry (and subsequent re-entry in 1984) into the Olympic movement. With China’s increasing involvement in promoting three bids to host the Olympic Games, two of which were successful, respectively, in 2001 and 2015, the nature of the discourse of key stakeholders in relation to Chinese elite sport has both reflected and reshaped the meaning of the Games to Chinese elite sport. This paper examines the discursive construction process of the Olympics in the Chinese elite sport system by key stakeholders through analyzing statements of political figures on sport and Olympic phenomena, Chinese elite sport policy documents, and the commentaries of leading Chinese sport academics. The analysis of discourse highlights two main features in the construction of the Games in official accounts during the period under investigation. The development of these two themes reflects the nature of the Chinese Olympic discourse, manifests the political power over the interpretation of the Olympics in Chinese context, and continues to characterize the on-going major themes in Chinese elite sport policy. 相似文献
79.
我国新世纪以来的基础教育课程政策赋予了学校一定的课程开发权,但整体来看效果不尽如人意。而近年来京、沪、浙等地在课程政策方面进行了一些探索,推动了学校层面的课程改革,涌现出了一批有影响的课程改革先进学校。他们调整地方课程计划、协调课程运行、改革评价方式、扩大学校的课程权限,协同建设学校课程资源等,为学校课程改革提供了空间支持、权力支持、资源支持、能力支持和方向引领。这表明地方课程管理的政策供给是制约学校课程改革的重要因素。地方课程政策推动学校课程改革,要赋予学校课程建设的权力和空间,对学校课程权限的规定要具体、明确,要规范地方的课程管理行为。应制定和颁布国家课程管理指南、地方课程管理指南和学校课程管理指南。 相似文献
80.
王波 《安庆师范学院学报(社会科学版)》2008,27(12):40-43
教育领域内的乱收费现象是当前教育改革和发展中的一个热点问题。中小学乱收费屡禁不止,主要在于中小学收费政策在制定、执行以及监督管理过程中存在政策的失真等。从教育政策学的角度看,中小学乱收费现象需要从制度、体制、监督等方面加以避免、杜绝。 相似文献