乡村选举：利益结构和习惯演进——岳村与南村的比较

本文认为,乡村民主选举,作为国家权威下的规则输入,影响其运行的绩效的关键性因素,是具有特定结构形式和表达方式的利益格局。在因乡村选举而进行的利益博弈中,处于不同结构位置的国家利益。社区利益、个人利益及家庭利益,都是通过“习惯”来表达的。“习惯”将行动者对财富、权威、循序和面子等现实需求,模式化为村民选择告诉国预期帮过程,进而影响甚至决定乡村选举的结果。由于“习惯”的固守和演进与国家制度化方式及乡村     

基层选举中的"精英"分析

乡村精英是乡村社会中与普通村民相区别的一个特殊群体。凭借其掌握的优势资源，乡村精英在贯彻村民自治这一新的村治规则的过程中的行为对普通村民具有明显的引导作用，他们也比普通村民表现的更为积极。村民选举是村民自治的起点，也是乡村民主建设的重要体现，参与村民选举是乡村精英参与村民自治的现实途径。     

散手运动员对心理素质的掌握与运用

散手运动是武术的一种表现形式,是一项极具对抗性的以击打为主的运动项目。因此,要求运动员具有良好的心理素质,能够及时的了解赛场上彼此双方的外在因素;了解对手的特点和弱点,能够快速准确地制定或更换技、战术打法和适时地运用自身的特点来反击对手的能力。目的就是培养运动员在场上能够做到沉着冷静、思维清晰和信心十足地面对对手和比赛;提高对出现的问题能够做到预先判断和完美处理的能力等。采用文献资料和调查问卷的方法对西安体育学院武术系、运动系和体育系的本科生及部分研究生进行调查并以面谈和临场观摩等方式对心理素质训练进行了归纳、探讨及分析,希望其研究成果能够对运动员在比赛中出现的问题和心理障碍提供科学有效的解决方法和措施。     

Decoding the phonics screening check

The statutory ‘phonics screening check’ was introduced in 2012 and reflects the current emphasis in England on teaching early reading through systematic synthetic phonics. The check is intended to assess children's phonic abilities and their knowledge of 85 grapheme–phoneme correspondences (GPCs) through decoding 20 real words and 20 pseudo words. Since the national rollout, little attention has been devoted to the content of the checks. The current paper, therefore, reviews the first three years of the check between 2012 and 2014 to examine how the 85 specified GPCs have been assessed and whether children are only using decoding skills to read the words. The analysis found that out of the 85 GPCs considered testable by the check, just 15 GPCs accounted for 67% of all GPC occurrences, with 27 of the 85 specified GPCs (31.8%) not appearing at all. Where a grapheme represented more than one phoneme, the most frequently occurring pronunciation was assessed in 72.2% of cases, with vocabulary knowledge being required to determine the correct pronunciation within real words where multiple pronunciations were possible. The GPCs assessed, therefore, do not reflect the full range of GPCs that it is expected will be taught within a systematic synthetic phonics approach. Furthermore, children's ability to decode real words is dependent on their vocabulary knowledge, not just their phonic skills. These results question the purpose and validity of the phonics screening check and the role of synthetic phonics for teaching early reading.     

脑与行为的进化史观：整合心理科学的“战役式”设想

分裂是当前心理科学所面临的威胁其学科地位的重大问题。而脱离“战役”设想的“遭遇战式”研究横行是造成心理科学内部分支学科林立与研究主题“无公共根基性”涣散的根本原因。伴随进化心理学与进化神经科学的兴起,一种“在心理的天然连接点上对其进行划分”的“行为和脑的进化史观”有望将心理学内部相互割裂的分支学科与研究主题联系起来,并为心理科学的整合运动提供一种“战役式”的设想。     

加强与世界图书馆界同行的学习、交流与合作 --访欧札记之三

介绍了法国、意大利、安道尔、梵蒂冈等国图书馆的一些情况，提出应广泛加强与世界各国图书馆的学习、交流与合作。     

The rhetorical construction of Popular Front France in the fascist Italian press during the ‘Paris, 1937’ international exhibition

This article will discuss propaganda in the press used by the Italian fascist regime to create and disseminate a negative image of France and socialism. The ‘Paris, 1937’ exhibition represented a pretext for the Italian press to attack the Popular Front on both policy and competence. Manipulating information, the propaganda fabricated an idea of ‘otherness’, presenting France as the chaotic antithesis to the orderly Italian regime. France was presented as a country full of drunks and idlers, as a nation descending into chaos due to the social economic reforms of the Blum government; images that were juxtaposed with a state thriving under fascist corporatism. With the use of archive files and press-clippings, this work intends to illustrate the construction of stereotypes to feed the fear of socialism in Italy by the fascist press.     

The history of the “Virgin with Child” sculpture (Ottaviano,Naples, southern Italy): Hypotheses from archaeometric multi-technique investigations

A life-size whitish marble statue of a “Virgin with Child” has been recently rediscovered in the St. Rosario church located in Ottaviano, a small town near Naples (southern Italy). This artwork shows stylistic features of the Tuscan-Roman school of the 16th century, and is framed in an intriguing historical context. Historical documents testify that the sculpture was a property of the cadet branch of noble Tuscan family of the Medici, the Medici of Ottaviano. A multianalytical approach has been used to try to indicate the supply area of the white marble of the studied sculpture. Considering the whole mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical data, the source rock can be possibly limited to the main classical white marbles of the Mediterranean district, as the classical marble of Aphrodisias. A reuse practice of a former artwork can be also hypothesized.     

Politicking for the Public Library

ABSTRACT

In today's current political environment raising support for millage renewals, bond campaigns or even millage continuations for public libraries is affected by national politics, and a tendency towards tax aversion on principle across the country. The lessons we can learn from the governing boards of small and rural public libraries are worth raising up to a greater national consciousness. Board governance, community consciousness, and facilities management are clear and logical tools that elected boards of public libraries can use to politick for support of libraries.     

从2013年世界女排大奖赛总决赛看中国女排

采用观察法、文献资料法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法,对2013年世界女排大奖赛总决赛情况进行分析研究,重点考察中国女排的差距和不足。在此基础上提出了中国女排的发展建议：中国女排已经具备了世界强队的实力,但还需进一步完善;加强整体队伍建设,做好长远规划;继承和发展中国女排的传统和优势,形成独特的技战术体系;重视运动员全面素质的培养;改进运动员选材体系;加快队伍新老交替速度。旨在为中国女排真正成长为世界强队提供参考。