点评2013年全国高考“近代物理初步”试题及这部分内容的教学建议

对2013年全国高考有关“近代物理初步”的试题进行了解析和点评,对这部分内容的教学提出了建议.     

两伊战争与心理战

两伊战争始终伴随着强烈的宣传战,这就是事实上的心理战,以泛伊斯兰主义对付阿拉伯民族主义,以什叶派思想对付逊尼派思想,以伊朗民族主义对付伊拉克民族主义,以人海战的心理威慑对付化学战的恐怖效果,以袭城战和袭船战互相摧毁敌方的士气和民心,以期实现以战促和的目的。相对而言,伊朗在国内的心理战富有成效,伊拉克在国际上的心理战略胜一筹。     

关于幼儿"读经"运动的思考

本文剖析了当前社会上支持幼儿“读经”运动的主要理由,认为要严格区分文化意义上的读经和教育意义上的读经。幼儿园课程的编制应遵循科学的原则,如果要把读经纳入正规教育体系首先应对其合理性作出价值判断,然后才能考虑学什么和怎么学的问题。     

Teaching practices in kindergarten and first grade: different strokes for different folks

This study assessed the nature of instruction in 314 kindergarten and first-grade classrooms from 155 schools in 48 school districts in three states. The schools served a relatively high proportion of low-income children and children of color. Despite the restricted range in student populations served, qualities of the schools and observed classroom instruction were associated with the demographics of the student body. Schools serving relatively high proportions of low-income children and children of color were rated by teachers to have more negative social climates. Teachers in these schools emphasized basic skills more and engaged in more didactic teaching and less constructivist teaching practices. At the classroom level, teaching approaches were predicted by teachers’ goals, the ethnic composition of their classroom, and the degree to which teachers perceived the families of the children in their classroom to have challenges associated with poverty. Didactic teaching was particularly common in classrooms with a high proportion of African–American students and in which teachers believed poverty-related problems inhibited parent involvement in their children's education; constructivist teaching was high in classrooms with a high proportion of Caucasian children.     

La Medusa by Caravaggio: characterisation of the painting technique and evaluation of the state of conservation

The oil painting “La Medusa” executed by Caravaggio at the end of the XVI century on a wooden shield, was investigated by integrated physical–chemical and analytical methodologies in order to obtain scientific data capable of elucidating the state of conservation and the painting technique. Optical (OM) and electronic (SEM-EDS) microscopy, micro-FT-IR spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and pyrolysis GC–MS were applied on two microfragments and some organic samples obtained by solvent extraction using the swab cleaning technique. The obtained results indicated that Caravaggio probably reused an old shield as a previous gypsum preparation layer has been detected under the original painting layers. He used white lead, natural earths, verdigris and lead–tin yellow type I mixed with drying oils to paint. The considerable amount of amorphous particles of copper chlorides found in the green pigment verdigris suggests that it could have been produced according to the ancient recipe of verde salsum described by Theophilus. Mordant gilding has been identified on the upper part of the shield that can be related to an abandoned experiment to give the painting a mirror-like reflecting effect. Three different varnishes layers have been detected above the painted surface. The original and restoration varnishes have been identified and they contain a mixture of drying oil, mastic and turpentine and some beeswax. Cleaning tests, performed with different organic solvents, suggest the use of isopropyl alcohol as cleaning agent because it is less efficient in comparison to others solvents; thus it ensures a careful and controlled removal of the varnishes.     

加强与世界图书馆界同行的学习、交流与合作 --访欧札记之三

介绍了法国、意大利、安道尔、梵蒂冈等国图书馆的一些情况，提出应广泛加强与世界各国图书馆的学习、交流与合作。     

对如何培养少年高大篮球运动员的探讨

针对我国高大篮球运动员与世界强队高大运动员相比有较大差距的现状，对我国少年高大篮球运动员的选材及其身体训练和技术训练提出了具体意见和方法。     

新世纪中国小康体育发展的基本理念

新世纪我国要建设的小康体育,就是要实现三个战略目标:一是以人为本,满足大众化、多层次的体育需求;二是全在提高我国竞技体育水平;三是推动体育与经济的融合,大力发展体育产业。逐步实现由体育大国向体育强国的转变。     

2013年全运会浙江省游泳竞技水平整体实力的研究

以第十一届全运会和近两年全国游泳比赛浙江游泳选手的主要战绩为研究对象。根据游泳比赛成绩进行趋势预测、专家预测、优秀选手基本条件对比、成绩对比等方面做了评估与分析。通过对运动员的调查得知,不同的运动成绩决定着不同的竞技动机和目标定向。最后运用预测信息对2013年全运会浙江游泳竞技水平做出综合评价。     

论“阳光体育运动”政策系统存在的问题及其完善

运用文献资料法界定了“阳光体育运动”内涵和性质,分析了“阳光体育运动”公共政策系统中存在的经费投入不足、应试教育体制和实用主义体育价值观制约、政策制定主体缺位、执行主体执行不力、政策客体接受政策有限等问题。提出应重视发展学校体育,改革应试教育体制、转变实用主义体育价值观、健全决策与监督机制、倡导积极健康的生活方式等对策。