Effects of an international agricultural and horticultural internship on the career and personal development of young adults

Abstract

Interns evaluate their international agricultural and horticultural internship. Topics include: career and personal development, ability to learn and teach, and quality of life during internship. Findings are associated with intern's: gender, native language (English, non-English), type of placement during internship (agriculture, horticulture), present occupation (agriculture, horticulture, other), present work status (owns own business, works for others), and year of internship (1980–1994). Males report greater ability to teach the host. Females report higher quality of life during internship. Agricultural placement interns report greater personal development than horticultural placement interns. Non-native English speakers indicate greater career development than native English speakers. Male non-native English speakers indicate greater learning than female non-native English speakers. Interns now working in agriculture or horticulture and owning their own business report more learning than those now working for others. Personal development during intership has decreased over time for interns presently working in agriculture. Interns now working in other occupations, who had agricultural placements indicate more learning than those who had horticultural placements. Interns not presently working in agricultural or horticultural occupations rate their quality of life during the internship as lower than those now working in agriculture or horticulture. The survey instrument and its analysis are discussed, and the Ohio International Agricultural and Horticultural Intern Program is described.     

英汉AIDS公益广告的概念隐喻对比研究

随着艾滋病疫情的全球蔓延,如何最大限度地唤起人们对艾滋病问题的关注成为各国的重要任务。作为一种为公共利益服务的宣传形式,公益广告在普及艾滋病科学知识方面起到功不可没的作用。通过对英汉艾滋病公益广告中存在的概念隐喻进行对比和分析,旨在增进人们对艾滋病公益广告的理解,促进中西方防艾经验的交流。     

Malevolence,stigma, and social distance: Maximizing intergroup differences in HIV/AIDS discourse

This study examined the intergroup language used by young heterosexual Australians in conversations about HIV/AIDS and safe sex. Sixty male and 72 female heterosexuals participated in four‐person facilitated conversations (same‐sex or mixed‐sex) about HIV/AIDS and safe sex, which were recorded and transcribed. We focused on extracts concerning strangers or malevolent individuals who appear to be group members, along with extracts involving foreign national groups. Discourse analysis showed that groups at lower levels of social distance were constructed mainly in terms of individual responsibility. At moderate social distance, stereotypes were more negative, but sub‐typing was common, whereas at the highest levels, people were constructed entirely in intergroup terms. The findings of this study suggest that HTV prevention programs should make reference to all salient outgroups, so as to neutralize communicative strategies that strengthen intergroup boundaries as a means of reducing perceived personal threat of HIV infection.     

毒品及艾滋病致孤儿童集中教育救助实践探索——以边疆少数民族地区某小学为例

云南省某边疆少数民族地区,项目县将部分义务教育阶段的毒品及艾滋病致孤学生全免费集中于县直属某小学的各班级,通过社会各界捐助和学校经费倾斜,解决他们的学习、生活及医疗等问题。实施在校期间由学校集中救助教养、寒暑假期由乡镇政府接回交给原代理监护人看管的方式,历经四年多的实践探索,初步形成学校集中救助毒品及艾滋病致孤儿童的特色教育救助模式。     

保山学院禁毒防艾教育策略途径探析

大学生这一角色具有多重性色彩,一方面他们是祖国的未来、民族的希望,是中国特色社会主义事业的建设者和接班人,具有专业的科学文化知识;另一方面,他们也是极易受到诱惑、自制力缺乏的弱势群体,最突出的表现便是大学生接触毒品和感染艾滋病毒;在新时期的要求下,如何切实做好禁毒防艾的教育工作已成为学校工作中的重要环节,禁毒防艾教育应从家庭、学校、社会三个方面深入,探索出学校禁毒防艾的意义。     

The Ethics of Keeping HIV/AIDS Newsworthy in Tanzania

This study focuses on the negotiation of ethical challenges when reporting HIV/AIDS in Tanzania by investigating how two newspapers, the Daily News and the Guardian, operate in an environment with marked limitations on resources. Interviews with journalists reveal how economic concerns and reluctance to invest money in reporting a disease, now perceived as “old news,” has opened up space for official news sources to gain privileged access to disseminate their messages, shaping the discourse on HIV/AIDS. Organizational news sources use many strategies, including providing a “transport allowance” and offering all-expenses paid trips to the field in order to gain media attention, raising ethical dilemmas for journalists and concerns about the quality of the news that gets published.     

Regional HIV/AIDS Information Environments and Information Acquisition Success

Although health information is widely available, information acquisition patterns may vary according to where one lives. Using Lievrouw's (2001) information environments (IE) theory, this mixed methods study compares three regional HIV/AIDS information environments in rural Canada. In accordance with IE theory, findings showed regional variation in institutional aspects of HIV/AIDS information environments: health institution service models; resource munificence and technology use; and some measures of social engagement and source availability. Differences were also present in the personal/relational aspects of environments: information network characteristics and levels of interpersonal interaction. However, in divergence from IE theory, regional success rates for answering HIV/AIDS-related questions were similar (86.26–89.34 percent). Furthermore, individual-level factors were more important than network position in predicting participants’ success rates. Yet, in line with IE theory, there were regional differences in the barriers that people affected by HIV/AIDS faced when seeking answers to their questions. These unaddressed barriers suggest that further development of IE theory requires incorporation of institutional capacity: provider knowledge, responsiveness, and service availability.     

Embedded filming for social change: Learning about HIV/AIDS and rural development professionalism

Rural Development Professionals (RDPs) are key actors in processes of social change for people living with HIV/AIDS in rural areas. This article reports on the filming of a series of workshops and courses for RDPs in Ghana, India, Tanzania and Zambia. In this article the filming and the films are analyzed as tools for learning and social change for different audiences. Analyzing the production and consumption processes shows the interconnectedness of the filming and learning during the courses. The results indicate that the films contribute to improved rural development professionalism in the context of HIV/AIDS.     

Uses of information and communication technologies in HIV self-management: A systematic review of global literature

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been applied increasingly in supporting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and treatment. The technological advances have extended to the field of HIV self-management. The objectives of this paper are to examine the design and use of ICTs in HIV self-management programs, to identify the knowledge gaps in existing practice, and to provide recommendations for future research and program development. A systematic review was conducted to search all English literature published prior to August 2016 in six electronic databases. The inclusion criteria also included either quantitative or qualitative assessments of HIV self-management programs that utilized at least one ICT platform in the program protocol. The search identified six studies conducted in Australia and the United States. The studies were diverse in sample size and enrollment criteria of study population. The major functionalities of ICT platforms (mobile phones and websites) included delivering information modules, sending medication reminders, supporting self-monitoring for medical adherence and risk behavior reduction, enhancing communication among participants, and providing easy access to HIV self-management information. The major challenges faced by self-management programs utilizing ICTs were lack of interaction and concern of privacy. The HIV self-management programs that employed ICT platforms were limited in number and geographic coverage. Most of the programs were also tested at an initial stage with small size samples and minimum technical innovation. The lack of explicit guiding theories and models on information behavior or technology use was observed in all studies. Use of ICTs in HIV self-management interventions is an emerging field. Future research would benefit from paying more attention to technical innovation and interactive features in applying ICT platform in self-management programs. The ICTs platforms, with increasing innovation in connecting people and places, can serve as a powerful tool to reduce the disparities in health care and health promotion. Future research is also needed to explore the feasibility of applying ICT platforms in self-management programs that serving populations from diverse socioeconomic background and in resource-poor settings.