Reducing the effects of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria: The role of libraries and information centres

HIV/AIDS is a deadly disease which kills people everywhere in the world. The purpose of this paper is to show that libraries and information centres in Nigeria can be actively used in the campaign and war against the spread of HIV/AIDS. It shows how HIV/AIDS is reducing the population of Nigeria through deaths. It highlights factors responsible for the rapid spread of the disease and shows how provision of education and information supported by library and information services can help reduce the spread of the disease. Libraries and information centres should involve audio–visual materials, and information communication technologies in educating and dissimilating relevant information to the people against HIV/AIDS in the country. The paper has discussed problems hindering effective library services to Nigerians.     

艾滋病患者结肠造瘘术围手术期护理

目的：探讨总结8例直肠癌根治术后行结肠造瘘术艾滋病患者的手术前后心理干预及造口的处理方法。方法：通过术前艾滋病知识宣教,防护措施指导,以及术后造口的观察护理。结果：本组患者术后切口Ⅰ期愈合7例,Ⅱ期愈合1例,经积极换药后顺利愈合,患者及家属接受手术、接受造口,掌握造口护理技能。结论：耐心细致的造口护理指导可使患者掌握造口护理技能,家属掌握正确防护措施,接受艾滋病患者,提高艾滋病肿瘤患者的生活质量及生活信心,近期效果满意。     

Creating Futures: lessons from the development of a livelihood-strengthening curriculum for young people in eThekwini's informal settlements

Comprehending praxis is a critical step in developing interventions that can have a real-world impact on people's lives. In this paper, we reflect on the lessons learned in the development of a curriculum for young people living in informal settlements in eThekwini, who are exposed to numerous vulnerabilities, including HIV-related risks associated with precarious urban livelihoods. Behavioural interventions have not led to commensurate reductions in HIV incidence, and the impact of these approaches remains regulated by numerous contextual conditions affecting those participating. Our collaborative project tested the impact of implementing a combination of the well-tested gender transformation intervention, Stepping Stones, with a new livelihood transformation curriculum, Creating Futures, among young people in eThekwini's informal settlements. Creating Futures was grounded in the theory and practice of sustainable livelihoods, but equally in the experience of the multi-disciplinary project team members who have conducted both research and development work among youth in the eThekwini area. Our approach was founded on the work of Doug Kirby, and we are indebted to him for his inputs. His logical model approach ensured that the team remained orientated to specific curriculum outcomes. Analysis of the results at 12 months post-baseline indicates positive livelihood outcomes.     

Into the community and not on the shelf: learning to develop a meaningful HIV/AIDS curriculum for multiple communities

This paper describes the process involved in creating a community-based training curriculum designed to build capacity and foster new knowledge in support of HIV/AIDS education. Highlighted are the challenges and triumphs incurred while working with community and academic partners to ensure the production of an adaptable curriculum designed to accommodate diverse teaching and learning styles. The curriculum provides teachers, community leaders and peer educators with knowledge and skills to competently deliver HIV/AIDS information, regardless of previous training in sexual health education. Educators are encouraged to adapt the curriculum according to community/classroom needs. Also highlighted is the need for creating further opportunities that enable teachers, community practitioners and researchers to collaborate around issues that influence learners' lives.     

852例男同性恋者艾滋病相关知识、高危行为与感染状况调查

目的：通过对广州市越秀区男同性恋人群艾滋病相关知识、高危行为及感染状况的调查,为针对该人群开展艾滋病预防工作提供参考.方法：与非政府组织（岭南伙伴健康支持中心）合作,在广州市越秀区动员征集852名男同性恋者进行调查.结果：852名调查对象中,53.9％为20～29岁的青壮年;96.6％知晓艾滋病两种以上传播途径;而近3个月发生同性性行为时每次安全套使用率为25.4％;出现过性病相关症状者为6.0％,其中仅56.9％的人到综合医院或性病门诊就诊;人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染率为3.99％,梅毒感染率为3.05％.结论：广州市越秀区该人群HIV传播途径知晓率较高,但高危行为仍普遍存在,艾滋病性病感染率高.     

The impact of HIV/AIDS on primary education in Botswana: educating children as agents of change

HIV/AIDS can no longer be regarded solely as a public health issue as its impact extends well into all spheres of life, sectors of society and levels of the education system. This paper argues that not only is it paramount to draw on children's understanding of the impact of AIDS on their lives, but it is equally important to draw on their solutions in order to foster their agency. Using the ‘draw and write’ methods, this research explores children's perception of the impact of HIV/AIDS and their understanding of the capabilities needed in order for them to become active change agents. The findings indicate that short-term intervention programmes are insufficient in curbing the HIV trends and in mitigating its impact. The authors argue that there is now a paramount need to re-evaluate the role and goal of education to allow it to serve as a prophylaxis for HIV/AIDS.     

襄阳市艾滋病防治现状、问题及对策

目的、方法：通过回顾襄阳市艾滋病防控工作历程,分析该市艾滋病流行特点和防治的现状、存在的问题和对策。结果：襄阳市艾滋病疫情涉及面广,有明显的地域聚集性,发病和死亡者逐年增多,传播模式已转为性传播为主,流行因素广泛存在,防治形势依然严峻。襄阳市认真贯彻落实科学发展观,坚持预防为主,强化宣传教育,加强监测监管,提倡人文关怀,实施综合治理,艾滋病防治工作取得比较显著的成绩,有效遏制了艾滋病疫情快速增长的势头。结论：现阶段艾滋病防治工作还需要加大经费投入,完善工作机制,加强能力建设,加大关怀力度,强化宣传教育,全面提高襄阳市的艾滋病防治能力。     

OUT-ing AIDS

Little is known about the relationship between the Irish gay press and the AIDS crisis during the 1980s. This article aims to fill this gap by presenting the findings of a study dealing with the AIDS epidemic in Ireland and how it was confronted through the alternative media platform of OUT magazine. Using issues of OUT, it argues that alternative media in Ireland were pivotal in generating vital public health information for the gay community, particularly when the mainstream press and Irish government were not providing the necessary resources. This article also highlights the activist potential of alternative media such as OUT, as it engaged with public bodies in an attempt to hold them accountable for their response, or lack thereof, to the epidemic. The Irish gay press is thus an important example of how alternative media are critical when mainstream society ignores a particular group’s public health needs.     

HIV/AIDS-Anxiety among Adolescent Students in Botswana

This research investigated the incidence of HIV/AIDS anxiety among students in Botswana. The sample comprised 240 randomly selected students from six schools in three districts in Botswana, with data collected via a questionnaire. Percentages and Chi-square were used to analyze the extent to which the students were anxious about HIV/AIDS and if there was a significant gender difference in this regard. Findings showed that the students were anxious on several fronts about HIV/AIDS; specifically that they and their relations might contract the virus and that they might lose family members. There was gender difference in terms of anxiety about the possibility that relations might become infected. The role of the counsellor in reducing HIV/AIDS anxiety among students in communities living with HIV/AIDS is discussed.     

中学体育教师预防艾滋病认知水平调查研究

采用文献法、问卷调查法 ,对福建省 132名中学体育教师预防艾滋病 (AIDS)认知水平以及学校预防AIDS教育状况进行了调查。结果显示 :我省相当部分中学体育教师对AIDS相关知识缺乏认识 ;学校开展预防AIDS教育意识淡薄 ;绝大多数教师对中学开展AIDS和性教育持赞同态度。