从社会学视角解读歧视艾滋病感染者的行为

当前,歧视艾滋病感染者已成为社会乃至整个世界的一种普遍现象。本文通过对歧视艾滋病感染者的行为表现及原因的分析,辨证地评价这个问题产生的风险,并就如何解决对艾滋病感染者的歧视和如何控制艾滋病的传播等问题提出一些相应的对策与建议,使大众加深对艾滋病患者的理解,并能够洁身自爱,远离艾滋病的侵扰。     

Improving educational access of vulnerable children in high HIV prevalence communities of Malawi: The potential of open and flexible learning strategies

Many children in Malawi have poor access to learning and are at risk of exclusion and early dropout. In the context of HIV/AIDS, formal schools need to become more flexible and responsive to children's lives. Introducing an educational model that integrates open and flexible learning strategies with conventional schooling, this paper highlights the potential of such an approach to enhance learning experiences, bring psychosocial benefits and improve retention of vulnerable pupils in high HIV prevalence communities in rural Malawi. This paper also argues that effective innovation requires strategies to create an enabling environment and promote an inclusive philosophy within schools.     

Message control intensity: Rationale and preliminary findings

This paper expands on the Rogers and Farace relational communication coding system by offering a definition and measure of message control intensity. The measure is based on the implicit intensity continuum which underlies the coding scheme. As a construct, message control intensity meets the face validity criterion for the “experienced” perspective on communication behavior as described by Poole and Folger. Results from exploratory correlational analyses between message intensity and (1) pronoun usage, (2) transactional structures, (3) control maneuvers, and (4) rigidity and stability measures support the measure's utility and thus provide evidence of its construct validity.     

西南边疆艾滋病疫情发展与公共卫生管理创新对策

改革开放以来,西南边疆一直是我国艾滋病疫情最严重的地区。特别是近十年来,西南边疆艾滋病疫情发展蔓延显现出的公共卫生危机,必须予以高度警觉。从西南边疆艾滋病疫情发展的特殊实际出发,创新公共卫生社会管理、提高公共卫生管理水平,是化解边疆艾滋病公共卫生危机的重要路径,亦是防控艾滋病的治本之策。     

泰州市4174例艾滋病自愿咨询检测情况分析

目的了解泰州市艾滋病自愿咨询检测（VCT）人群的分布特征,为针对各类求询人员采取有效的防治措施提供信息和依据。方法对2011年全市VCT门诊求询者的基本信息及艾滋病病毒检测情况进行统计分析。结果2011年泰州1市各级VCT门诊的求询者共4174人,HIV感染率为0．29％（12／4135）。求询者以18—49岁青壮年为主,男女检测比例为1．73：1,男性HIV感染率显著高于女性。求询者类型主要以有商业异性性行为史者为主,有男男性行为史求询者的HIV感染率最高。结论泰州市艾滋病传播途径以性传播为主,高龄化HIV感染人群有增多化趋势;应进一步合理利用咨询点资源,将VCT服务与重点人群的高危行为干预工作结合起来,尽早发现HIV感染者,减少二代传播。     

数显手动压力机开发在模具设计与制造教学中的应用

高职模具设计与制造专业的职业技能课程,具有实践操作性强、综合性强、理论知识与技能转化难等特征,难以提高学生的学习效果。为此,开发了以数显手动压力机为代表的教具,为学生获得相关的专业知识和实践技能,提高学生的综合职业素质进行有益的探索。     

Reducing the effects of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria: The role of libraries and information centres

HIV/AIDS is a deadly disease which kills people everywhere in the world. The purpose of this paper is to show that libraries and information centres in Nigeria can be actively used in the campaign and war against the spread of HIV/AIDS. It shows how HIV/AIDS is reducing the population of Nigeria through deaths. It highlights factors responsible for the rapid spread of the disease and shows how provision of education and information supported by library and information services can help reduce the spread of the disease. Libraries and information centres should involve audio–visual materials, and information communication technologies in educating and dissimilating relevant information to the people against HIV/AIDS in the country. The paper has discussed problems hindering effective library services to Nigerians.     

A Communicative Analysis of a Sexual Health Screening Intervention Conducted in a Low-Income Housing Complex

Providing free HIV screening within public housing sites offers the potential for increased participation of at-risk populations. Residential-based screening, however, raises concerns about privacy because of the stigma attached to HIV/AIDS and even to the testing for HIV. This study examined the effectiveness of offering HIV screening within a public housing high-rise in upstate New York. Through interviews with both women who obtained testing and those who did not, this study explored the tension between convenience and privacy concerns. The findings suggest that offering HIV screening where people live could encourage participation in the screenings, as well as lead to a destigmatization of HIV testing over time. Some women chose to eschew the convenience of on-site testing in favor of a more private venue for screening, whereas some women responded positively to the accessibility of on-site testing, using communicative strategies to manage privacy concerns.     

Teachers' attitudes towards adolescent sexuality and life skills education in rural South Africa

This study investigated the attitudes of 43 teachers and school administrators towards sex education, young people's sexuality and their communities in 19 secondary schools in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and how these attitudes affect school-based HIV prevention and sex education. In interviews, teachers expressed judgemental attitudes towards young people's sexuality and pregnant students, and focused on girls' perceived irresponsible behaviour instead of strategies to minimise HIV risk. Despite general awareness of the HIV epidemic, few teachers perceived it as an immediate threat, and teachers' own HIV risk was infrequently acknowledged. Teachers perceived themselves to have higher personal standards and moral authority than members of the communities and schools they served. Male administrators' authority to determine school policies and teachers' attitudes towards sexuality fundamentally affect the content and delivery of school-based sexuality education and HIV prevention activities. Opportunities to create a supportive educational environment for students and for female teachers are frequently missed. Improving teachers' efficacy to deliver impartial, non-judgemental and accurate information about sex and HIV is essential, as are efforts to acknowledge and address their own HIV risks.     

OUT-ing AIDS

Little is known about the relationship between the Irish gay press and the AIDS crisis during the 1980s. This article aims to fill this gap by presenting the findings of a study dealing with the AIDS epidemic in Ireland and how it was confronted through the alternative media platform of OUT magazine. Using issues of OUT, it argues that alternative media in Ireland were pivotal in generating vital public health information for the gay community, particularly when the mainstream press and Irish government were not providing the necessary resources. This article also highlights the activist potential of alternative media such as OUT, as it engaged with public bodies in an attempt to hold them accountable for their response, or lack thereof, to the epidemic. The Irish gay press is thus an important example of how alternative media are critical when mainstream society ignores a particular group’s public health needs.