Robust parameterisation of ages of references in published research

The purpose of this research is to illustrate the use of the gamma distribution to model the ages of references in published research, and to demonstrate that the two gamma distribution parameters characterise a field of research in a manner that is complementary to and more nuanced than the Price Index or mean age of references.Minimum Distance Estimation is shown to produce robust estimates of the gamma distribution parameters because of the insensitivity of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test in the tails of the distribution.Using a sample of 816 articles from 26 different journals across six subject areas, it is shown that the gamma distribution is at least as good as a lognormal distribution to model the ages of references in research articles.The two gamma distribution parameters indicate the rate of publication of new knowledge within the respective discipline and the citing behaviour in terms of the recency of references. Interpretation of these gamma distribution parameters enables a more nuanced and granular interpretation of the distinctiveness of disciplines, sub-disciplines, formats of publication and the distribution of references within articles than possible using the Price Index, half-life or mean age of references.     

俄罗斯白银时代的时代精神建构及特征

在俄国文化发展史上,兴起于19世纪末至20世纪初的＂白银时代＂被称为俄国精神文化的＂文艺复兴＂时期。在＂重估一切价值＂的思潮推动下,批判与创新、民主与包容成为那个时代的主流精神。对白银时代的时代精神的研究将有助于我们更好地理解白银时代的文化特质。     

Russians are the fastest and the youngest in the “Comrades Marathon”

The present retrospective study intended to determine age, performance, the role of nationality and participation trends across calendar years in runners competing in “Comrades Marathon”, the ultra-marathon with the longest tradition and the highest number of finishers worldwide. We analysed 235,467 finishers (40,211 women and 195,256 men) competing between 1994 and 2017. In women and men, Russians were the fastest (12.55 ± 2.03 km/h and 12.24 ± 2.93 km/h, respectively) and Indians the slowest (7.87 ± 0.64 km/h and 7.91 ± 0.60 km/h) (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.053 and η2 = 0.010, small effect size, ES). Also, Russians were the youngest (33.9 ± 4.6 and 36.3 ± 5.9 years, respectively) and Japanese the oldest (49.3 ± 9.6 and 51.4 ± 12.3 years, respectively) (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.011, small ES). Performance improved (r = 0.90 in women and r = 0.92 in men), age of finishers (r = 0.91 in women and r = 0.97 in men), participation (r = 0.92 in women and r = 0.87 in men) and sex difference in age increased (r = 0.71), whereas men-to-women ratio (r = ?0.91) and sex difference in performance (r = ?0.68) decreased across calendar years (p < 0.001). In summary, runners from Russia were the fastest and the youngest in both sexes. The knowledge of the relationship of nationality with performance, age and participation trends of finishers, and changes across calendar years are of practical importance for ultra-runners and coaches working with them.     

我国男排后备队伍年龄、身高、体重及克托莱指数特征分析

对参加2008年5月全国青年男排队集训的我国8支重点青年男排队96名运动员年龄、身高、体重及克托莱指数特征进行分析,为我国男排后备队伍选材及训练提供参考。     

中国古代"盛世"的审视

文章取中国古代公认的三大盛世:西汉盛世、大唐盛世和康雍乾盛世,分析了中国传统"盛世"概念的基本内涵,了解古代盛世的形成和衰亡,使我们得到历史启迪。     

大数据时代高校图书馆学科服务模式研究

本文用过对大数据时代图书馆学科面对的机遇与挑战,分析了图书馆学科服务当下存在的问题,系统地对学科服务的转型以及新形势下学科服务模式进行了讨论和研究。     

美国体育黄金时代“赞美派”与“讽刺派”的新闻写作风格及深远影响

19世纪20年代是美国体育的黄金时代,体育明星、体育记者和营销专家共同缔造了这个时代的辉煌。在这个过程中,体育新闻写作诞生了两种截然不同的流派———“赞美派”与“讽刺派”,他们在主题选择、修辞手法等方面均有鲜明的特点。两个流派不仅在当时推进了美国体育娱乐业的建立和壮大,还发挥着持久的影响力。现在,不论是美国本土,还是中国当下的体育新闻写作均可窥见两种流派的风格遗存。     

赤水河上游墨头鱼年龄与生长研究

对赤水河上游国家级鱼类保护区内的墨头鱼标本进行了年龄鉴定,渔获物的年龄结构由0～8龄共9个龄组组成,以低龄个体为主,2～5龄个体占83.07%。体长和体质量呈幂函数关系且幂指数接近3,属于匀速生长类型,因此用Von Bertalanffy方程描述其生长特性,相关生长参数分别为:渐近体长L∞=323.0227mm,渐近体质量W∞=824.7102g,k=0.1781,t0=-1.4655龄。体质量生长拐点年龄Ti=4.77龄,对应体长、体质量分别为Lt=333.14mm,Wt=746.06g。由于捕获物中以低龄个体为主,呈现小型化趋势,建议将其捕捞年龄确定为5龄以保护核心区内的墨头鱼资源。     

高原地区青少年骨龄特征及耐力性项目初级选材区间的研究

1）高原地区青少年骨骼发育晚熟比率大于早熟比率,正常比率为54.70%,晚熟比率为38.20%,早熟比例为7.10%。2）高原地区青少年发育不同指标的差异分析表明,在0.05差异显著性水平下,不同单位的龄差存在差异,是否独生子女的龄差存在差异,不同性别的龄差不存在差异,不同民族的龄差不存在差异。3）鉴于高原地区因遗传或特殊环境造成的青少年整体发育相对较为（晚）（龄差均值=-0.742）特殊性,就高原地区青少年耐力性运动员初级选材而言,其龄差标准应在参考国家标准（龄差绝对值≥2）的基础上,以新标准（龄差≤-2.5或龄差>1.0）为主。     

浅谈胶东半岛新石器时代早期文化

胶东半岛是指胶莱河以东的地区 ,是一个相对独立的地理单位 ,对于半岛地区新石器时代的早期文化存在着不同的认识 ,通过对白石村文化的文化特征及其与周围文化的联系等进行比较 ,白石村文化是胶东半岛新石器文化的源源。