我国“三农”法制的实践逻辑——读《中国农村集体经济有效实现的法理研究》

我国传统社会追求土地与农民结合,在家族中进行群体协作。新中国农村制度设计注重克服土地私有弊端,避免重复王朝衰落周期律,以农村集体替代家族协作功能。农村改革之后确定＂统分结合＂的双层经营体制,进而对于承包经营权实现物权化塑造,乡镇企业兴起探索了农村发展的新途径。当前,土地流转和规模经营中,既要兑现农民公民权益与国民待遇,又要保护农民成员权益。     

Grassroots to Grassfed

Abstract

A partnership formed between a special library and a public library system to address the information needs of local farmers is the subject of this paper. The special library partner is an information center for agricultural medicine and health. The public library system is one which serves its fourteen member libraries in central New York. These libraries, together with several community-based organizations, combined their leadership, resources, and expertise in a successful outreach effort that saved a village library, improved community relations, enhanced awareness of the role of libraries, and disseminated information necessary for sustaining a viable and healthy farming community.     

浅述我国网络化农业信息资源建设

对我国网络农业信息资源建设现状进行了综合评述,分析了存在的问题,并提出了我国网络农业信息资源建设的发展方向。     

Entrepreneurial Intentions of Agricultural Students: Levels and Determinants

Purpose: This paper examined levels and determinants of entrepreneurial intentions amongst agricultural students. Methodology: The statistical population comprised students in colleges of agriculture at University of Tehran. By use of a random sampling method, a sample of 120 students participated in the study. The instrument for data collection was a pen and paper questionnaire. The validity and reliability of questionnaire were determined through calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and opinions of scientific board members.

Findings: The findings revealed that about a half of the respondents had medium entrepreneurial intentions. There were differences in entrepreneurial intentions between students who had attended entrepreneurship courses and those who had not. Also, there were differences in entrepreneurial intentions between students who had self-employed parents and those who had not. According to the findings, education support, personality traits and skill were the three factors that influenced the entrepreneurial intentions of students.

Practical Implications: Since education support has a significant impact on students' intention to start their own businesses, it is essential for agricultural colleges to integrate entrepreneurship education into their educational programs through curriculum development. It is also recommended that agricultural colleges introduce entrepreneurship ideas as a starting point for students to motivate them.     

拓展训练促进农林高职院校学生软实力提升的实验研究

针对农林高职院校学生的特点,采用教学实验法来研究拓展训练对农林高职院校学生软实力的影响。结果表明:在拓展训练课时总数一致的情况下,长、短期拓展训练有利于提升农林高职院校学生的软实力,长期拓展训练对学生软实力提升较短期拓展训练的效果更明显。农林高职院校应根据不同专业学生特点,制定不同拓展训练方案,应将拓展训练引入到人才培养方案中。     

典型发达国家农业信息化建设对我国农业“新基建”的启示

通过选取农业信息化领先的美国、农业资源禀赋相似的日本,深入探究两国在农业信息化基础设施建设方面的发展阶段和模式选择,并对扶持农业信息基础设施建设的主要政策措施进行系统剖析.借鉴美国规模化精准农业发展模式和日本集约化智慧农业发展模式,从技术集成、发展环境、参与主体、创新能力、人才支撑五个方面提出符合我国国情的促进农业"新基建"的政策建议.     

Modeling the blockchain enabled traceability in agriculture supply chain

Blockchain Technology (BT) has led to a disruption in the supply chain by removing the trust related issues. Studies are being conducted worldwide to leverage the benefits provided by BT in improving the performance of the supply chains. The literature reveals BT to offer various benefits leading to improvements in the sustainable performance of the agriculture supply chains (ASC). It is expected that BT will bring a paradigm shift in the way the transactions are carried in the ASC by reducing the high number of intermediaries, delayed payments and high transaction lead times. India, a developing economy, caters to the food security needs of an ever-growing population and faces many challenges affecting ASC sustainability. It is therefore essential to adopt BT in the ASC to leverage the various benefits. In this study, we identify and establish the relationships between the enablers of BT adoption in ASC. Thirteen enablers were identified from the literature and validated by the experts before applying a combined Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) methodology to envision the complex causal relationships between the identified BT enablers. The findings from the study suggest that, among the identified enablers, traceability was the most significant reason for BT implementation in ASC followed by auditability, immutability, and provenance. The findings of the study will help the practitioners to design the strategies for BT implementation in agriculture, creating a real-time data-driven ASC. The results will also help the policymakers in developing policies for faster implementation of BT ensuring food safety and sustainable ASCs.     

政治语境下的制度安排及其结构对解决"三农"问题的制约

“三农”问题成为我国全面建设小康社会的“瓶颈”,严重制约了我国向现代化的迈进。从历史与现实来看,“三农”问题是政治体系的制度安排不当及其结构缺陷的产物。如何寻找制度安排的合理性、制度结构优化性使其产生集束效应而不是相互制约,寻求政治过程的顺畅,对从深度上解决“三农”问题是极其重要的。     

玉溪市农村富余劳动力转移与劳动力素质关系的探讨

“三农”问题的核心是农民问题,解决农村富余劳动力的就业问题是解决农民问题的关键。农村劳动力素质过低是玉溪市农村富余劳动力转移最主要的制约因素。从长远来看,发展农村教育,提高农民素质是解决玉溪市农村富余劳动力就业的根本途径,才能拓宽农民的增收渠道,促进玉溪农业和农村经济的发展。