基于蚁群算法在交通领域的应用综述

蚁群算法是受现实蚂蚁群体行为启发而得出的一类仿生算法。从蚁群算法与实际交通问题的求解有很强直接对应特性出发,对蚁群算法在交通领域的应用进行全面综述。蚁群算法也可应用于交通过程建模、交通过程优化及导航、交通运输规划等交通领域。     

Trans-nationalization of educational policy making: from European innovation projects in adult education to an emerging European space for lifelong learning: what model for the European vocational education and training policy?

This article is drawn from broader qualitative research on innovation in the field of professional adult training within the framework of European pilot projects such as the LEONARDO projects. This research aims at contributing to a general understanding of the phenomenon of innovation, in the context of European calls for projects, as an instrument of the European Vocational Education and Training (VET) Policy, which is supposed to transform the national training systems of EU member states according to the Lisbon Strategy. For this article, the author has chosen to present some of the results of the analysis of the European VET Policy and its transition to a lifelong learning policy. The first part of this article describes the conceptual framework and more especially three of the main concepts examined: public policy, social innovation and European space. The second part distinguishes three periods in the European VET policy’s history, identified through a genealogical examination from its first step within the European Coal and Steel Community to the present lifelong learning policy. The third part highlights the specificity of this supranational public policy model and the links between the European VET policy, the LEONARDO programme and the pilot projects. In conclusion, this article supports the idea of antagonistic logics in the evolution of this policy, on at least three levels: decision-making powers, conception of VET systems and conception of learning.     

Information recall of younger and older skilled athletes: The role of display complexity,attentional resources and visual exposure duration

This study was concerned with the interactive role of experience of athletic skill with other relevant environmental variables (display complexity, attentional resources, exposure time of stimuli) on perception (recall) of structured handball game situations. Nineteen experienced (older) and 19 less experienced (younger) handball players were assigned randomly either to ball‐bouncing (diverted attention) or to calm seated (focused attention) conditions. In each of the two conditions, the subjects were exposed to a total of 36 slides containing 2–3, 5–6 and 8–10 players. Eighteen slides were exposed for 0.5 s and 18 for 1.0 s. All the slides contained structured defence and offence situations. Recall scores were subjected to repeated‐measures ANOVA using attention condition and age as between‐subject factors and task complexity and exposure duration as within‐subject factors. The results showed that the recall of less experienced players deteriorated more than the recall of more experienced players following exposure to complex displays (≥ 8 players) while engaging in a secondary task (bouncing). The findings suggest that research paradigms should be applied in the field of sport which share both ecological validity and a potential to discover the cognitive substrates underlying experience and age in skilled motor performance.     

复杂性系统下的人才激励

随着改革开放的不断深入,处于社会转型时期的中国社会在经济、政治、文化等各方面面临着愈来愈多的前所未有的理论与现实的课题。本文旨在通过对既有人才激励理论的研究,结合复杂性系统理论研究的方法,在中国实际国情的基础之上,对当今中国人才激励问题进行有益的探索,以期能够为实际的人才培养与管理工作提供有益的帮助。     

基于自标定的两视图三维重构研究

相机标定是三维重构中的关键步骤,本文对在自标定下的两视图三维几何模型恢复进行研究。先采用SURF算法得到图像匹配点对,在此基础上,利用RANSAC鲁棒估计基础矩阵;然后根据Kruppa方程所推导出的二次方程自标定出相机内参数,进一步地,通过分解本质矩阵求解出相机外参数;最后,根据三角化法求得空间三维坐标值。实验结果证实,该方法具有效性和正确性,并且能够真实地再现物体的三维模型。     

车辆路径优化及算法综述

阐述了VRP的主要求解算法,在参阅大量文献基础之上以禁忌搜索算法、遗传算法、蚂蚁算法三种主要的算法为划分总结了VRP的研究现状以及三种算法的改良与应用情况,最后对车辆调度问题进行了展望,提出了进一步发展动向。     

生物制药产业技术创新能力系统演化的遗传算法模型与仿真研究

基于CAS理论视角,明确生物制药产业技术创新能力的定义,构建生物制药产业技术创新能力系统的概念模型图,找出组成该系统的产业技术创新流程及惯例,并阐述生物制药产业技术创新能力系统的演化机制。与此同时,构建生物制药产业技术创新能力系统演化的遗传算法模型,并通过Matlab软件仿真生物制药产业技术创新能力系统的演化。结果表明,产业技术扩散对生物制药产业技术创新能力强度有显著增强作用,而产业吸收能力作为技术创新惯例则在适应度函数的迭代计算中起到显著约束的作用。     

F-P滤波器解调FBG传感器的数据处理方法研究

使用可调谐F-P滤波器解调FBG传感器的方案具有测量系统体积小、波长分辨力高等优点,是目前技术较为成熟、实用性较好的解调方案.为了进一步提高解调准确度和精确度,滤波器透射峰值的计算方法和滤波器特征曲线的数学模型被不断改进.本文对这些处理方法进行了介绍和分析.     

新时代科研范式变革的内涵及应对

文章从理论和实践层面对科研范式变革的主要内涵和重要影响进行综合性探讨。在理论层面上,从库恩及其代表作《科学革命的结构》入手,探讨“范式”概念的逻辑本质。在实践层面上,通过问卷调查和访谈等形式,调研、凝练出新时代科研范式变革的3个方面内涵：解决系统性复杂问题成为新时代科研范式变革主要驱动力,仿真模拟和数据科学可能成为推动科研范式变革的有效突破口,科研活动组织创新成为推动科研范式变革的基础。在此基础上,分析目前我国应对科研范式变革存在的问题,并提出相应的政策建议。