美国ERMS产品的分析与启示

由于图书馆电子资源品种的激增以及电子资源有复杂性、不稳定性等特点,电子资源管理系统应运而生。电子资源管理整体解决方案的实施,需要通过ERMS来实现。根据开发者用途的不同,美国ERMS产品主要分为三类:ILS商开发的ERMS;自产的ERMS;数据商开发的ERMS。这些ERMS产品都采取了相应的电子资源元数据标准。通过对美国电子资源管理系统产品发展历程和基本情况的分析,从行业层面、应用层面及发展层面得出了对我国图书馆电子资源管理的启示。     

The Anonymity Effect: The Influence of Anonymity on Perceptions of Sources and Information on Health Websites

The study reported here examined the influence of anonymous sources on health websites on the perceptions and attitudes of information seekers. It was hypothesized that, despite the warnings and guidelines established by health organizations, anonymous sources would be perceived to be as credible and influential as sources that were identified. The anonymity effect, drawn from the similarity principle in attribution theory, was forwarded as a theoretical mechanism to explain responses to anonymous sources. The results indicated that anonymous sources were generally perceived by participants to be as credible and influential as identified sources, although the anonymity effect explanation was not supported. The implications of these findings for information seekers and health practitioners are considered.     

Redefining Hijab: American Muslim Women's Standpoints on Veiling

Feminist standpoint theory suggests that, although powerful discourses attempt to define women on the “margins” of society, women's cultural positions provide them with heightened understandings of the contradictions between their experiences and the ways the dominant group defines them. Thus, while many Americans believe hijab—also called a “veil” or “headscarf”—functions to oppress women, veiled women probably possess alternative understandings. In this study, 13 veiled American Muslim women share their experiences, and under the lens of standpoint theory, the participants' definition of hijab emerges. Specifically, the women inscribe hijab with meanings shaped by their unique cultural standpoints. Hijab functions to define Muslim identity, perform a behavior check, resist sexual objectification, afford more respect, preserve intimate relationships, and provide freedom.     

美国儿童社会领域教育中历史资源的选择与运用

在美国儿童社会领域教育中,融入历史学科知识的价值在于帮助儿童了解事物的发展性、变化性和联系性;选择历史内容的准则是以儿童的兴趣爱好为基础,并加以强化;实施历史教育的策略是考虑儿童的知识经验,挖掘家庭和社区资源,开展多种形式的活动.     

当众讲话的教学策略

“当众讲话”技能是人的八项核心能力标准体系中“与人交流”能力单元的四个要素之一。本文借鉴德国的“行为导向”教学原则,提出了以能力为本位的教学策略,选取了项目教学、角色扮演和模拟教学三种教学模式,旨在帮助中等和高等学校(学院)的在校大学生掌握克服紧张、树立自信的方法,培养重点突出、条理清晰的思路,提升讲话的欲望和讲话的技巧,增强讲话的说服力和感染力。     

Adjunct question effects with review

The effects on retention of adjunct questions either placed at the end of a passage or inserted after their respective paragraphs within the passage were examined. The high school subjects were encouraged to review the materials after encountering the questions, a departure from traditional procedures in the field. Both treatments led to superior retention of the previously questioned facts when compared to a passage-only control group, but did not increase retention of previously unquestioned facts. The position of the adjunct questions did not differentially affect performance. The discrepancy of the results from those traditionally reported are interpreted in terms of the procedures employed.     

Finding and explaining differences: A reply to Gudykunst and Hammer

A rejoinder to Gudykunst and Hammer's critique of a recent paper is presented. We argue that their position is based on two mutually exclusive propositions and cannot therefore be credible. We continue to maintain that the evidence on intercultural effectiveness shows both culture-general and culture-specific components.     

美国外交由谁负责?--总统与国会的权力之争

美国宪法没有对总统和国会的外交权限做出界定 ,这是总统和国会外交权力之争的根源。总统和国会的权力争夺表现为 ,双方都在极力扩大自己权力的同时 ,指责对方“篡夺”了自己的“合法”权力。通过争夺 ,双方的权力都大为增加 ,但在美国外交事务中总统居主导地位。同时 ,他的权力又受到国会的制约 ,其大小由总统个人能力及其与国会关系决定 ,还应视具体外交领域的不同而不同。从历史趋势看 ,总统的权力不断受到削弱     

美国杂志在新媒介冲击下的历史演进过程

世界上最发达、成熟的美国杂志业的历程在很大程度上反映了世界杂志发展的历史。 2 0世纪 ,美国杂志经历了黄金时代 ,但随着互联网时代和“3C整合时代”(消费类电子、电脑、通讯的整合 )的来临 ,美国杂志业面临着巨大的冲击。文章从历史视角就每一次新媒介的诞生对美国杂志带来的正负面影响进行了分析 ,旨在为当前网络时代杂志的生存提供新的视野     

美国在匈牙利事件中的态度与政策

美国对匈牙利事件采取了"不干涉"政策,这种政策经历了从观望到最后确立的一个过程.美国政府实行严格"不干涉"政策的深层次原因在于,美国担心苏联会因其在东欧地位的严重恶化陷于绝望,进而诉诸于极端措施,从而引发美苏之间的直接对抗乃至于爆发世界大战,因此,美国不愿冒战争的危险去拯救一个与自己关系不大,且处于苏联势力范围内的中欧小国,这就是美国外交政策现实主义原则的充分体现.