Adverse childhood experiences and shame- and guilt-proneness: Examining the mediating roles of interpersonal problems in a community sample

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked with an increased tendency to experience self-conscious emotions (i.e., shame- and guilt-proneness). Further, interpersonal problems have been associated with ACEs and are implicated in the maintenance of shameand guilt-proneness.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to better understand the interpersonal pathways through which ACEs are associated with shame- and guilt-proneness.MethodA community sample (N = 249) completed measures of ACEs, interpersonal problems, and shame- and guilt-proneness.ResultsInterpersonal problems mediated the association between ACEs and shame-proneness and ACEs and guilt-proneness. Multiple mediation models revealed that—when controlling for the other types of interpersonal problems—(a) interpersonal sensitivity was the only significant mediator between ACEs and shame-proneness and (b) interpersonal sensitivity and interpersonal aggression mediated the association between ACEs and guiltproneness.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of interpersonal pathways in the association between shame- and guilt-proneness. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

An experimental comparison of three techniques for communicating a problem‐solving pattern to members of a discussion group

This programmatic research tests a model of social interaction. Six elements: content, interpretation, emotion, transference, selection, and relationships, abstracted from the literature, are said to constitute the domain of social interaction. In the model the substances exchanged in the interaction are posited to determine their form of expression, and variables at deeper phenomenal levels are hypothesized to determine those at more surface levels. Phase I examined three alternative models based on this perspective of social interaction and identified the superior of the three, which is also tested here. Phase II corrected some methodological problems detected in the first phase and further confirmed the utility of the model examined here. The current phase of this research, Phase III, extends the model to the context of non‐enduring interactions. It uses respondent self‐reports to test the model in the following experimental situations: interacting in the presence of radio news, radio entertainment, television news, and television entertainment. The results, as in the previous phases, are quite supportive of this perspective of social interaction and demonstrate that it can be extended to the context of initial interactions.     

Motivating Emergency Preparedness Behaviors: The Differential Effects of Guilt Appeals and Actually Anticipating Guilty Feelings

The continuing threat of terrorist attacks and natural disasters presents a unique challenge for communication scholars and practitioners. One way to increase motivation is through the use of guilt appeals; yet, message designers must be aware of the potential negative consequences of employing messages that induce too much guilt. In a field experiment, researchers investigate the use of guilt appeals within the context of disaster preparedness with a nationally representative sample to enhance perceived importance of emergency preparedness, increase risk perceptions, and motivate behavioral intentions to prepare.     

How Violent Video Games Communicate Violence: A Literature Review and Content Analysis of Moral Disengagement Factors

Mechanisms of moral disengagement in violent video game play have recently received considerable attention among communication scholars. To date, however, no study has analyzed the prevalence of moral disengagement factors in violent video games. To fill this research gap, the present approach includes both a systematic literature review and a content analysis of moral disengagement cues embedded in the narratives and actual game play of 17 top-ranked first-person shooters (PC). Findings suggest that moral disengagement factors are frequently embedded in first-person shooters, but their prevalence varies considerably. Most violent video games include justifications of the portrayed violence, a distorted portrayal of consequences, and dehumanization of opponents. Implications of the findings for research on violent games are discussed.     

卡夫卡负罪感的文化意蕴与艺术表达——以《诉讼》为中心

卡夫卡有着尴尬的文化出身和民族身份,这让他产生了极大的负罪感,而负罪感又是形成其双重人格的深层原因。卡夫卡的"负罪感"不等于"原罪",而是他特有的生存体验的文化符码。《诉讼》主要通过主人公约瑟夫·K的双重身份和双重人格展现小说"负罪感"的文化内涵,具体表现为主人公的人格分裂和人格异化,艺术上则浓缩为"法的门前"的悖谬性寓言,而主人公的自我救赎是人类普遍境遇的一种诗性观照。     

雅斯贝尔斯对德国战争罪责的认识——以《德国的战争罪责问题》为中心的研究

在第二次世界大战结束第二年的1946年,雅斯贝尔斯出版了他的政治学论著《德国的战争罪责问题》,对纳粹德国所犯下的罪行进行了全面清理。他认为,公开地讨论罪责的问题,并且从内心之中承认罪责,是保持德国人的灵魂不沦为卑贱的唯一道路。通过对这部具有划时代意义的著作进行系统分析,并对诸如流亡在外者与内心流亡者的“净化之路”之重建,以及“极端的恶”抑或“平庸的恶”等问题提出了一些看法。     

寻寻觅觅--源氏恋母情结析

《源氏物语》是世界上最早最优秀的散文体长篇小说。作品在心理刻画方面达到了相当的深度。源氏的寻花问柳行为背后深刻的心理动力机制是弗洛伊德的精神分析学说所揭示的恋母情结。这导致了其他几个女人的悲惨命运。     

Shame, guilt, symptoms of depression, and reported history of psychological maltreatment

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to provide preliminary data extending earlier research on shame and guilt, examining their relationships both to symptoms of depression and to psychological maltreatment. Symptoms of depression were expected to correlate positively with shame, but not with guilt. Psychological maltreatment was also expected to correlate positively with shame. The relationship between psychological maltreatment and guilt was examined on an exploratory basis. METHOD: Two hundred and eighty participants from a public community college and a private university completed scales assessing shame, guilt, depression, and history of childhood psychological maltreatment. Pearson correlations were conducted with all data. RESULTS: Results indicated that symptoms of depression were positively correlated with both shame and guilt. Partial correlations were then conducted in which the linear effects of shame were removed from guilt. In this latter analysis, guilt was no longer positively correlated with symptoms of depression. Psychological maltreatment was also positively correlated with depression and with shame, but not with guilt. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the significance of psychological maltreatment in the relationship to the self-conscious emotions of guilt and shame. As in earlier studies, shame has been consistently correlated to poor psychological functioning, while guilt appears to be relatively unrelated to pathological functioning.     

试论日本“耻文化”

日本的文化被称为“耻文化”,它的根源是弥生时代稻作文化所必需的共同体意识、儒教思想、多神教等因素,并且给日本社会以深远的影响。同时“耻文化”在日语表现形式方面也充分体现出来,通过对语言的了解,可以加深理解日本的“耻文化”,以便与“罪文化”区别开来。     

试论日本“耻文化”

日本的文化被称为“耻文化”,它的根源是弥生时代稻作文化所必需的共同体意识、儒教思想、多神教等因素,并且给日本社会以深远的影响。同时“耻文化”在日语表现形式方面也充分体现出来,通过对语言的了解,可以加深理解日本的“耻文化”,以便与“罪文化”区别开来。