凯恩斯和马克思对失业原因分析的比较

凯恩斯和马克思在对资本主义社会失业问题的分析上有一些相同和类似之处.他们对失业原因分析的一个最大差别是,凯恩斯主要是从人的心理以及人的动机所决定的变量关系上去寻找失业的原因;而马克思的观点是,失业是资本主义生产方式本身对资本主义生产施加的一种限制,失业只是一种相对人口过剩.     

提高园林专业学生实践能力的“3M1E”工作法

本文提出在实践教学中培养园林专业学生实践能力的“3M1E”工作法,将全面质量管理(TQC)的四个主要职能用于“3M1E”工作法的实施之中,同时分析了实施“3M1E”工作法需把握的几个要点。     

麻省理工学院汉语作为外语教学的特色分析

美国麻省理工学院将汉语作为外语教学,其课程内容丰富,课程目标明确,并重视听、说、读、写技能的培养和中国经典作品的学习,突出中国文化特色,注意利用新的语言材料,多角度、跨学科、有重点地实施教学,较好地实现了通识教育目标。这对我国大学外语多语种、多文化地发展,丰富课程设置,强化实践教学,实行跨文化的外语教学,加强隐性课程,以及提升外语师资培训的国际化,都具有启迪作用。     

论黄哲伦在《蝴蝶君》中对东方主义的不完全解构

美籍华裔剧作家黄哲伦从其特殊的文化身份出发,创作了剧本《蝴蝶君》。该剧倒置了东方主义长期以来构建的东西方关系,颠覆了西方人眼中的东方女子刻板印象,讽刺了西方白人对东方女子不切实际的幻想,向西方文化霸权提出挑战。但作为自幼接受白人主流文化教育的第二代华裔移民作家,黄哲伦对东方主义的解构又是不完全的。这种不完全解构是作家所处的社会历史环境、个人经历及民族文化身份共同作用的结果。     

Mana Wahine and Washday at the Pā

Abstract

Washday at the Pā (‘pā’ is used colloquially by Pākehā to refer to a Māori settlement) is the title of an old schoolbook, a picture reading book for younger schoolchildren, which was produced in 1964 by the state education system in Aotearoa-New Zealand in 1964, written and photographed by Ans Westra, who later became one of the most famous photographers in the country. Washday at the Pā provoked a national debate when the Minister of Education acceded to protests by the Māori Womens Welfare League against its use in classrooms by withdrawing it completely, and the story of this controversy has remained alive in national consciousness ever since. This research brings Māori feminist philosophy to the Washday debate: I take up Mana Wahine theory as a useful lens on the controversy, understood as an event about, with and for women, in the history of Māori education. The purpose of this article is to reread, using Mana Wahine theory, existing arguments about the book’s withdrawal, and to propose an original resolution of the question at the centre of debate: should the book have been withdrawn from schools, or not?     

Incubator firm failure or graduation?: The role of university linkages

One of the theoretically important factors for incubator firm performance is the strength of their linkages to the research university sponsoring the technology incubator. Herein, we focus on two types of university linkages to the sponsoring institution: a license obtained from the university and a link to university faculty, while controlling for incubator firm linkages to non-sponsoring research universities, among other factors. We propose that a university link to the sponsoring institution reduces the probability of new venture failure and, at the same time, retards timely graduation. Further, we suggest that these effects are more pronounced the stronger the university link. Due to the difficulty of obtaining fine-grained longitudinal data, the incubation literature is characterized by a dearth of studies focusing on incubator firm differential performance. We attempt to take a first step towards closing this gap by testing these hypotheses through following 79 start-up firms incubated in the Advanced Technology Development Center at the Georgia Institute of Technology over the 6-year period between 1998 and 2003. We find broad support for the hypotheses advanced.     

Who contributes voluntarily to OSS? An investigation among German IT employees

Based on newly assembled survey data, we analyze which individual characteristics of IT employees are associated with the willingness to participate voluntarily in Open Source Software (OSS) projects. We find that, contrary to common expectations, formal educational attainment is not positively associated with the probability or level of OSS contributions. The group of university dropouts, however, does show a particularly high probability of working on such projects. Furthermore, we obtain the striking and novel finding that work-related OSS activities play an important role in determining voluntary OSS contributions during leisure time. Although one has to be cautious regarding the direction of causality, we interpret this as evidence of career-oriented motives in voluntary OSS contributors. The finding is also reinforced by our more specific analysis of the importance of such motives in determining the actual effort invested in OSS projects.     

Academic spin-off’s transfer speed—Analyzing the time from leaving university to venture

For academic spin-offs I analyze the length of the time period between the founder’s leaving of academia and the establishment of her firm. A duration analysis reveals that a longer time-lag is caused by the necessity of assembling complementary skills, either by acquisition by a single founder or by searching for suitable team members. Furthermore, new ventures are established faster if there has been high-level technology transfer, if the founders have access to university infrastructure, or if they receive informal support by former colleagues.