Fear appeal messages affect accessibility of attitudes toward the threat and adaptive behaviors

Fear appeals have long been used in persuasive messages to motivate people to perform adaptive behaviors. This research explored the influence of a fear appeal message concerning breast cancer on attitude accessibility. Messages advocating the efficacy of breast self‐examinations increased the accessibility of attitudes toward the adaptive behavior. Further, the accessibility of participants' attitudes toward the adaptive behavior predicted behavioral intentions to perform breast self‐examinations. Attitudes toward the threat became less accessible after exposure to a high fear‐arousing message, however. Analyses suggest that defensive reactions to the fear‐inducing message mediate the influence of the message on the accessibility of the attitudes toward breast cancer. Implications of these findings for models of fear appeals are discussed.     

文学的民国机制 国立青岛大学与后期京派文学观的形成

沈从文《文学者的态度》一文引发了30年代文坛上引入瞩目的京派与海派之争,这篇文章是沈从文在国立青岛大学任教期间酝酿、构思而成。作为京、海之外的城市文化“第三极”,青岛在“京海论争”中的意义却未能在文学史上彰显出来。以国立青岛大学为中心,细致梳理沈从文与梁实秋等新月派同仁的文学理念及其异同,可以更准确地考察、分析后期京派文学观的形成背景及其复杂构成,亦可对民国时期知识分子的文化生态产生更深入的认识、理解。     

高师大一新生对心理健康的态度及其教育对策

目的：了解高师大一新生对心理健康的态度。方法：采用自编态度问卷对514名大一新生进行测试。结果：大部分高师大一新生对心理健康有所了解且对心理健康教育持积极支持态度,人际交往、情绪情感、学习问题成为最关注的问题。对策：从加强学生的心理健康教育、开设心理学方面的公选课、实施全员育人等方面着手提高大一新生心理健康意识。     

中学聋生文言文学习情况的调查研究

通过对89名聋校中学生的文言文学习态度、文言文学习现状、对教师文言文教学的评价三个方面调查,本研究发现：多数聋生有一定的文言文学习兴趣、有学好文言文的主观意愿,但他们的文言文学习方法和习惯还有待进步和提高;聋生对翻译和默写类文言文测验题目感到困难,他们的文言文基础知识有待巩固;教师对聋生的文言文学习情况有重要影响,但目前教师的教学态度和方法还有待改善;文言文教学课件的制作质量是聋生判断教师对文言文教学重视程度的重要参考,但目前教师制作的课件质量还存在较大的提升空间。     

Professional ideology and physicians’ perceived disclosure patterns toward cancer patients

This study examined differences in physicians’ perceptions of their disclosure patterns toward cancer patients based on their professional ideological orientation. Adapting Strauss et al.’s (1964) sociotherapeutic (SCT) and somatotherapeutic (SMT) ideologies, it was hypothesized that physicians who strongly identified with the SCT ideology would perceive themselves as more willing to disclose the diagnosis to cancer patients and that there would be differences in the way and types of information presented depending on physicians’ ideological orientation. The findings suggest that physicians perceive choosing particular disclosure patterns based, in part, on their professional ideological orientations. Those who identify with a strong SCT orientation perceive themselves as more willing to disclose the diagnosis and provide some additional information to cancer patients and their families. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.     

The relationship of supportive communication to sex discussion in the home

Supportive communication was examined as a component of mothers’ sex discussion with children. Results demonstrated that mothers who communicated supportively were more open and disclosing when discussing sex and were more likely to provide sons with birth control information and instruction than mothers who communicated nonsupportively. The study concludes by raising several issues for future research and sex education pro‐ams for parents.     

Effects of a Collaborative Science Intervention on High Achieving Students’ Learning Anxiety and Attitudes toward Science

This study investigated the effects of a collaborative science intervention on high achieving students’ learning anxiety and attitudes toward science. Thirty‐seven eighth‐grade high achieving students (16 boys and 21 girls) were selected as an experimental group who joined a 20‐week collaborative science intervention, which integrated and utilized an innovative teaching strategy. Fifty‐eight eighth‐grade high achieving students were selected as the comparison group. The Secondary School Student Questionnaire was conducted to measure all participants’ learning anxiety and attitudes toward science. In addition, 12 target students from the experimental group (i.e., six active and six passive students) were recruited for weekly classroom observations and follow‐up interviews during the intervention. Both quantitative and qualitative findings revealed that experimental group students experienced significant impact as seen through increased attitudes and decreased anxiety of learning science. Implications for practice and research are provided.     

Attitudinal and motivational variables related to mathematics achievement in Jordan: findings from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of student-related variables on achievement in mathematics. The sample consisted of 3736 13-year-old Jordanian 8th-graders who participated in the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). The participants completed a student questionnaire and participated in the mathematics test. Of the matrix of affective variables reported to lead to the variation in mathematics achievement were educational aspiration, attitude, success attribution, confidence in ability and perception of importance of mathematics. A structural equation model was used to estimate and test the hypothesized relationships of the factors with achievement in mathematics. Results from this study indicate that four attitudinal and motivational variables had strong positive total and direct effects; and two variables had negative total and direct effects on mathematics achievement. Recommendations for future research were suggested.     

大学生消极就业观问题探讨

随着我国高等教育规模的迅速扩大,大学毕业生“就业难”的问题日趋严重。究其原因,主要在于毕业生对就业问题的认识存在偏差,就业观念落后等造成的。社会各界应通过各种途径教育大学生树立正确的就业观念,正确认识目前大学毕业生就业中存在的问题,择好业、就好业。     

卫星运动补偿技术初步研究

在建立卫星姿态运动学方程与姿态动力学方程的基础上,设计了姿态控制器,仿真结果表明该控制系统具有较好的动态和稳态性能;结合有效载荷的两维伺服控制系统模型,提出了卫星运动补偿方案。使用高精度星敏感器与陀螺组合姿态确定的软件,在各种干扰力矩作用下,对卫星运动补偿进行了数学仿真。结果表明,该方案可以提高有效载荷光轴指向精度和指向稳定度。