Teachers' intrinsic vs. extrinsic instructional goals predict their classroom motivating styles

We introduce the concept of teachers' intrinsic vs. extrinsic instructional goals and demonstrate its contribution to teachers' classroom motivating styles using independent samples across four studies. Based on self-determination theory, we hypothesized that the more teachers adopted intrinsic instructional goals the more they would rely on an autonomy-supportive motivating style, and the more they adopted extrinsic instructional goals the more they would rely on a controlling motivating style. Because no measure existed to assess intrinsic vs. extrinsic instructional goals, we created the new 4-scale, 16-item Teacher Goals Questionnaire (TGQ) in Study 1, using a pool of 72 candidate items and data from 212 fulltime K-12 teachers. In Study 2, we demonstrated the TGQ's construct and factorial validity by sampling 149 fulltime K-12 teachers. In Study 3, we tested our hypothesized model by sampling 147 fulltime K-12 teachers who reported their instructional goals on the TGQ and their motivating styles on two separate measures. Structural equation modeling analyses confirmed the hypothesized model. In Study 4, we replicated the findings from Study 3, using a multilevel sample (92 secondary teachers, 2749 students), a longitudinal research design, and student measures of teachers' motivating styles. The discussion focuses on instructional goals as key antecedents of teachers' classroom motivating styles.     

农村基层民主建设面临的困境及对策思考

村民自治作为一项全新的深刻的基层民主制度在农村得到了普遍实行。目前,我国的村民自治已进入了全面实施和深入发展的时期,许多新的困难和问题不可避免地逐渐浮现,影响着我国农村民主化进程。具体表现在无“钱”治、无“人”治、无“权”治和无“法”治等方面。出现上述问题的原因是多方面的,总的来说还是受农村经济、政治、文化发展水平的制约。为了推进农村基层民主建设,应该进一步发展农村集体经济,强化资源分配功能;培育农村利益集团,加快组织化建设;完善农村民主制度,实现依法自治;提高农村文化素质。发展合格自治主体。     

在综合英语教学中培养学生的自主学习能力

自主学习是以学生为中心,是学习者必须具备的一种能力。了解自主学习的概念以及如何培养学生的自主学习能力,有利于教师更好地发挥引导者、组织者、解惑者的作用,让学生真正拥有自主学习的能力。     

民国时期的康藏精英与“康人治康”运动

20世纪30年代的西康地区相继发生了一系列由康巴精英发起的事变,其共同之处是发起者都提出了“康人治康”的口号。本文通过对这一系列事件的爬梳,以期透析当时中央与川康地方及西藏地方之间复杂的政治斗争。     

我国农村妇女参与村民自治的问题分析

村民自治作为我国基层民主的重要内容,其发展水平代表了我国社会政治民主化的程度。占农村人口半数的农村妇女参与村民自治无论是对促进农村妇女自身发展,提高女性社会地位,还是推进社会文明进步都起着举足轻重的作用。文章通过对我国农村妇女参与村民自治过程中存在的问题及影响因素的分析,力求找到解决我国农村妇女有效参与村民自治的途径。     

计算机辅助模式下外语自主学习者的认知

该文主要研究新兴的计算机辅助学习模式是否能为外语自主学习者创造一个良好的认知环境,改善他们的认知过程及促进他们认知策略的发挥。作者通过问卷调查传统、计算机辅助两种不同模式下外语自主学习者对语言学习过程中认知条件的满意程度,并对以上两组问卷数据进行统计、分析及对比,结果发现计算机辅助模式从整体上明显优于传统模式,它能够在多方面有效地促进外语自主学习者的语言认知。     

Autonomy,eating disorders and elite gymnastics: ethical and conceptual issues

Participation in elite sport, and in particular those sports with special demands in terms of weight and shape, is associated with a higher risk for eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa [Sundgot-Borgen, J., & Torstveit, M. K. (2010). Aspects of disordered eating continuum in elite high intensity sports. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 20, 112–121]. We report upon research exploring eating attitudes and behaviours within elite gymnastics. The study comprised 42 semi-structured interviews with gymnasts and support staff—34 gymnasts and 9 staff/support staff. The majority of those interviewed were acrobatic gymnasts (22; 16 males and 6 females) with 7 rhythmic gymnasts (all female) and 5 tumblers (all female). The mean age of those gymnasts interviewed was 17.4. A difficulty in precisely delineating extreme eating patterns (disordered eating) from having an eating disorder was noted. Within an elite sports context behaviours thought to be pathological in a more general setting might be fairly commonplace and even functional to the athlete's performance. The extent to which the athlete consents to these patterns of behaviour is problematic given their age and development. We argue that conceptualising consent as ‘authority to be cared for by a trustworthy coach’, more felicitously applies to the child/adolescent elite sporting context, helping us understand not only the focus of the elite gymnast, but also their relationship with the coach and the coaches' responsibilities.     

民国初年的省制改革

以往对民国初年省制改革的研究,大多拘泥于机构设置的现代化或军民分治、缩小省区等枝节性问题,因而不能正确认识改革的意义与失败的原因。事实上,那场改革的核心内容与重要意义在于对各省与中央的关系及省之行政运作的探讨：省制改革草案的设计不仅考虑到中央对各省的控制和各省对中央的制衡,还考虑到省之自治行政与官治行政的区别与联系,并试图对二者的运作做出合理的安排。但是由于时局、民众的心理传统和自治能力的限制,这些有益的探讨皆未能落到实处,致使如何安排各省与中央的关系以及省之行政运作这两个问题遗留下来,仍成为当前省制改革的核心内容。     

甘南藏族自治州体育旅游发展现状与对策研究

通过实地考察法和文献资料法,分析了甘南藏族自治州体育旅游发展现状,结果显示：甘南州体育旅游起步较晚,目前发展水平落后;旅游形式和内容单一,与国内同类地区相比存在吸引人数不够,景区建设档次和数量不高。经济收入低等问题。并在此基础上提出发展甘南州体育旅游的对策：科学规划,合理保护,坚持体育旅游业可持续发展战略;凸现当地文化,树立形象,不断提升体育旅游建设水平;规范管理,诚信服务,提高体育旅游服务质量。     

论青年毛泽东的“湖南自治”和“湖南共和国”思想

青年毛泽东在 192 0年的湖南“驱张”运动和湖南自治运动中提出的“湖南自治”和“湖南共和国”思想是他在分析了当时国内外现实政治状况和湖南历史地理状况后提出的一种政治改革方案和国家模式构想。这一思想反映了他反帝反军阀、重视人民群众、重视实际斗争等基本思想倾向 ,同时也具有曲解民族自决理论、提倡狭隘地域主义、推崇自然经济等局限性 ,是青年毛泽东从激进民主主义者向马克思主义者转变时期思想模糊混乱的真实反映