Web Security and Privacy: An American Perspective

Browsing the Web gives one the heady feeling of walking without footprints in cyberspace. Yet data surveillance can be both ubiquitous and transparent to the user. Can those who browse the Web protect their privacy? And does it matter if they cannot? I offer answers to these questions from the American legal tradition. The American legal tradition focuses on a right to privacy, rather than a need for data protection. To answer these questions I begin by delineating the differences among privacy, security, and anonymity. I then discuss what information is transferred during Web browsing. I describe some of the available technology for privacy protection, including public and private key cryptography and Web proxies. I then describe the American tradition of privacy in common, statutory, and constitutional law. With the support of this tradition, I close by arguing that although privacy in Web browsing has no current legal protection in the United States, the right to privacy in the analogue equivalents has been recognized in the American legal tradition.     

民族区域自治法与四川民族地区水电资源开发补偿机制研究

民族区域自治法虽然在指导民族地区经济社会发展方面取得了重大成就,但其部分只有原则性规定的条款缺乏可实际操作的实施细则,在全国统一税收、财政、国家投资和行政区划这种条块分割的经济体制下,民族自治区域如何实现经济“自主”的权利?在四川民族地区的水电资源开发中,事实上存在损害少数民族地区和少数民族群众利益的问题;外来大资本开发民族地区的优质资源,少数民族群众如何参与分享?如何把民族区域自治法的有关规定落到实处?这些都是亟待研究和解决的问题。     

Perceived autonomy support,intrinsic motivation,and student ratings of instruction

Motivation theory suggests that autonomy supportiveness in instruction often leads to many positive outcomes in the classroom, such as higher levels of intrinsic motivation and engagement. The purpose of this study was to determine whether perceived autonomy support and course-related intrinsic motivation in college classrooms positively predict student ratings of instruction. Data were collected from 47 undergraduate education courses and 914 students. Consistent with expectations, the results indicated that both intrinsic motivation and autonomy support were positively associated with multiple dimensions of student ratings of instruction. Results also showed that intrinsic motivation moderated the association between autonomy support and instructional ratings—the higher intrinsic motivation, the less predictive autonomy support, and the lower intrinsic motivation, the more predictive autonomy support. These results suggest that incorporating classroom activities that engender autonomy support may lead to improved student perceptions of classroom instruction and may also enhance both student motivation and learning.     

西部大开发与城市化浪潮下民族区域自治制度的走向思考

伴随改革的深入与经济发展,城市化浪潮悄然出现。尤其在实施西部大开发战略后,民族区域自治地区的城市化进程进一步加快。老城市不断得到更新改建,新城市不断涌现,一方面反映了我国民族区域自治制度所取得辉煌成就,另一方面,又为民族区域自治制度发展带来了未曾面对的新事物、新问题。民族区域自治制度的内容已不能涵盖全部,有些条款亦显得不合时宜,急需改进。     

The effects of need satisfaction on EFL online learner satisfaction

This study explored the effects of need satisfaction (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) on English as a foreign language (EFL) online learner satisfaction and validated the Chinese versions of the need satisfaction scale (NSS) and online learner satisfaction scale (OLSS). We collected data from a questionnaire administered to 199 EFL students at a Taiwanese university. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for NSS was .90 and .91 for OLSS. For NSS, the principal component analysis (PCA) resulted in a three-factor solution that accounted for 61.31% of the variance. Regarding OLSS, PCA resulted in a two-factor solution that accounted for 63.17% of the variance. A multiple regression analysis revealed that three independent variables (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) were predictors of EFL online learner satisfaction (F(3,?191) = 85.14, P < .001, R² = .57), with competence the best predictor of online learner satisfaction, followed by relatedness and autonomy. The paper concludes with implications of these results.     

论国民党新县制与地方自治的关系

抗战时期,国民党推行的新县制是以孙中山的“县自治”学说为理论依据,主要内容是将保甲融入地方自治,健全基层组织,以强有力的保甲组织来推动地方自治。这一制度的实施,在一定程度上巩固了国民党的基层政权,加强了国民党在基层和农村的统治,也有利于国民党集中人力、物力、财力,坚持抗战,具有一定的积极作用。     

Why students become more engaged or more disengaged during the semester: A self-determination theory dual-process model

We adopted a dual-process model within a self-determination theory framework to investigate why students sometimes veer toward a longitudinal trajectory of rising classroom engagement during the semester and why they other times tend toward a trajectory of rising disengagement. Measures of perceived autonomy support, perceived teacher control, need satisfaction, need frustration, engagement, and disengagement were collected from 366 (174 females, 192 males) Korean high-school students using a three-wave longitudinal research design. Multi-level structural equation modeling analyses found that perceived autonomy support predicted longitudinal changes need satisfaction which predicted changes in engagement and also that perceived teacher control predicted longitudinal changes need frustration which predicted changes disengagement. Reciprocal effects also emerged in that extent of disengagement predicted both longitudinal increases in students' perceptions of teacher control and decreases in perceptions of teacher autonomy support. We conclude that students tend toward a semester-long trajectory of rising engagement when they perceive their teachers to be autonomy supportive and need satisfying while they tend toward a trajectory of rising disengagement when they perceive their teachers to be controlling and need frustrating.     

公平与效率:高考改革的永恒动力——对统一高考的再认识

高考的统一性,也是一个发展的过程。高考改革的原动力应该是对高考公平与效率的永恒追求。高考发展至统一的样式,有其深厚的历史根源,也有切实的理论和实践依据,是一种适合我国国情的制度,在很长的一段时间内,将具有顽强的生命力。     

红河州财政自治立法探析

本文根据宪法、民族区域自治法和红河哈尼族彝族自治州自治条例有关规定,论述红河州实行财政自治的必要性,并从立法权、资金管理自主权、税收管理自主权、财政扶持权等几方面对红河州财政自治的内容作了阐述。     

Autonomy through pedagogical research

This qualitative study describes a new professional stance, teacher as pedagogical researcher, provides a rationale for its emergence, demonstrates connections of pedagogical research to autonomy in teaching through the words and lived experiences of teacher researchers, and presents implications for teacher professional development and for teacher education programs in promoting autonomy through pedagogical research. A hermeneutic phenomenological theme analysis of interviews with three teacher researchers revealed seven themes of autonomy through pedagogical research.