Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Childhood Traumatic Separation

ObjectivesIn light of the current U.S. family separation crisis, there is growing attention to Childhood Traumatic Separation, defined here as a significant traumatic stress reaction to a familial separation that the child experiences as traumatic. When living in a family setting, Childhood Traumatic Separation may interfere with the child's relationships with the current caregiver(s). Effective treatments for Childhood Traumatic Grief can be modified to address Childhood Traumatic Separation. This article describes current applications of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) for Childhood Traumatic Separation.MethodsUsing two composite clinical cases, TF-CBT applications for Childhood Traumatic Separation are described. These include: (1) implementing the safety component first; (2) tailoring coping skills to address the uncertainty of Childhood Traumatic Separation; (3) integrating past traumas into trauma narration and processing of the traumatic familial separation; (4) providing Childhood Traumatic Separation-focused components to address challenges of committing to new relationships while retaining connections to the separated parent; and (5) addressing role changes.ResultsThese modifications have been implemented for many youth with Childhood Traumatic Separation and have anecdotally resulted in positive outcomes. Research is needed to document their effectiveness.ConclusionsThe above practical strategies can be incorporated into TF-CBT to effectively treat children with Traumatic Separation.Practical implicationsPractical strategies include starting with safety strategies; tailoring skills components to address the ongoing uncertainty of traumatic separation; integrating past traumas into trauma narration and processing of traumatic separation; providing traumatic separation-focused components to balance the challenges of committing to new relationships with retaining connections to the separation parent; and addressing role changes. Through these strategies therapists can successfully apply TF-CBT for Childhood Traumatic Separation.     

Protection Motivation Theory as an Explanatory Framework for Proenvironmental Behavioral Intentions

Environmental issues have become important topics in the 21st century. Communication practitioners and scholars struggle with effectively communicating the threat of climate change and other changes to the natural world, partially due to the lack of concern by the general public. We present Protection Motivation Theory as a framework for explaining proenvironmental behavioral intentions among a college sample. Participants (N = 607) responded to an online survey, and the results indicate support for the proposed model, with severity (H1), vulnerability (H2), response efficacy (H3), and self-efficacy (H4) positively predicting proenvironmental behavioral intentions and response costs (H5) negatively predicting intentions. Implications for practitioners and scholars are discussed, and areas of future exploration in this domain are identified.     

Reciprocal and prosocial tendencies cultivated by childhood school experiences: School uniforms and the related economic and political factors in Japan

This paper estimates the effects of childhood experiences of wearing school uniforms at public elementary schools in Japan on individual preferences in relation to others (hereafter, other-regarding preferences) in adulthood. The school uniform experience can be endogenous if the preferences and characteristics of the school and parents are included in the decision of schools to implement school uniforms. To examine the causal effect of school uniforms, we exploit the exogenous variation in the expansion of the apparel industry across regions, which the Japanese government used as a catalyst in stimulating the economy, as well as the regional variations in prefectural governors’ initiatives for enhancing regional profitability. We find that that the experience of school uniforms increases reciprocal inclinations and inequity aversion (prosocial) tendencies. We discuss the reasons behind the consequences of school uniform policies on students’ other-regarding preferences later in life, with a focus on an individual’s perception of similarity with others shaped during childhood.     

Adverse childhood experiences and behavioral problems in middle childhood

Children who have been exposed to maltreatment and other adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are at increased risk for various negative adult health outcomes, including cancer, liver disease, substance abuse, and depression. However, the proximal associations between ACEs and behavioral outcomes during the middle childhood years have been understudied. In addition, many of the ACE studies contain methodological limitations such as reliance on retrospective reports and limited generalizability to populations of lower socioeconomic advantage. The current study uses data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a national urban birth cohort, to prospectively assess the adverse experiences and subsequent behavior problems of over 3000 children. Eight ACE categories to which a child was exposed by age 5 were investigated: childhood abuse (emotional and physical), neglect (emotional and physical), and parental domestic violence, anxiety or depression, substance abuse, or incarceration. Results from bivariate analyses indicated that Black children and children with mothers of low education were particularly likely to have been exposed to multiple ACE categories. Regression analyses showed that exposure to ACEs is strongly associated with externalizing and internalizing behaviors and likelihood of ADHD diagnosis in middle childhood. Variation in these associations by racial/ethnic, gender, and maternal education subgroups are examined. This study provides evidence that children as young as 9 begin to show behavioral problems after exposure to early childhood adversities.     

Multi-Method Assessment of ADHD Characteristics in Preschool Children: Relations between Measures

Several forms of assessment tools, including behavioral rating scales and objective tests such as the Continuous Performance Test (CPT), can be used to measure inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behaviors associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, research with school-age children has shown that the correlations between parent ratings, teacher ratings, and scores on objective measures of ADHD-characteristic behaviors are modest at best. In this study, we examined the relations between parent and teacher ratings of ADHD and CPT scores in a sample of 65 preschoolers ranging from 50 to 72 months of age. No significant associations between teacher and parent ratings of ADHD were found. Parent-ratings of both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity accounted for variance in CPT omission errors but not CPT commission errors. Teacher ratings showed evidence of convergent and discriminant validity when entered simultaneously in a hierarchical regression. These tools may be measuring different aspects of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.     

Privacy concerns and disclosure of biometric and behavioral data for travel

In light of mounting privacy concerns over the increasing collection and use of biometric and behavioral information for travel facilitation, this study examines travelers’ online privacy concerns (TOPC) and its impact on willingness to share data with travel providers. A proposed theoretical model explaining antecedents and outcomes of TOPC related to biometric and behavioral data sharing was tested using structural equation modeling with data collected from 685 travelers. The results extend the Antecedents – Privacy Concerns – Outcomes (APCO) framework by identifying a set of salient individual factors that shape TOPC. The findings provide empirical evidence confirming the context dependence of privacy preferences, showing that although travelers are concerned over their information privacy they are still willing to share their behavioral data; while in the case of biometric information, the disclosure decision is dependent upon expected benefits rather than privacy concerns. This study offers insights into privacy behavior of online consumers in the travel context and constitutes one of the few focusing on the social aspects of biometric authentication.     

教师旅游市场决策影响因素研究

利用SPSS统计软件对教师旅游问卷调查数据进行交互分析和主成分分析,得出教师旅游者学历结构特征、人口统计学特征、决策行为模式、出游动机等一般规律;通过这一细分市场所呈现出来的规律,分析了当代知识分子的旅游心理需求,为致力于教师旅游市场开发和营销人员及相关企业提供一定的参考.     

证券市场反应不足、反应过度和泡沫现象的系统思考

在对行为金融理论和实证检验结果进行重新分析的基础上,认为市场反应不足、反应过度和泡沫现象都是正反馈过度反应,只是程度、性质不同;＂市场反应不足＂是一次正反馈过度反应,反应过度是一系列同方向的正反馈过度反应,泡沫现象是一系列长时间正方向的巨大正反馈过度反应.正反馈过度反应普遍存在的主要原因是市场中正反馈交易者的广泛存在和＂赚钱效应＂的驱使.     

金融市场非理性下的资产定价模型及投资策略

传统的主流金融学理论认为资本市场是有效的,并以此为基础产生了现代资产组合模型,资本资产定价模型等经典理论.但在新兴金融市场中,制度性缺陷严重影响这些理论的可行性.本文从行为金融学的视角入手,讨论了在无效资本市场中,如何完善资产定价模型,如何评价股票、公司的价值,理性地进行投资决策.     

不同年龄孤独症儿童行为特征的比较研究

本研究以３－１５岁的４７名孤独症儿童为研究对象,采用问卷调查法、结构式观察法等对其生活自理、运动、感知与注意、语言、思维与想象、情绪、社会交往等方面的行为表现进行研究,并与同年龄段的４００名正常儿童、７０名智力残疾儿童做比较。通过研究发现不同类型的儿童行为表现存在差异,特别是在社会交往行为、同一性行为和言语沟通三方面有显著差异,这一研究为诊断和教育训练提供了较科学、客观的依据