Family communication patterns,sex of subject,and communication competence

Two hundred ninety‐nine subjects completed the Revised Family Communication Patterns instrument (Ritchie & Fitzpatrick, ) and the Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire (ICQ; Buhrmester, Furman, Wittenberg, & Reis, ). Results indicate that both family communication patterns and sex of subject influence the ability to enact certain communication skills in both same‐sex friendships and romantic partnerships. Those growing up in a strong conversation‐oriented family are more likely to report the ability to enact a greater number of interpersonal skills in both types of relationships. Women were more likely to report the ability to self‐disclose in a same‐sex friendship; however, a family communication environment that stresses a lower conversation orientation (consensual) diminishes the likelihood of acquiring that skill for women. Women were also more likely to report being able to offer emotional support in both same‐sex friendships and romantic partnerships. Men were more likely to report being able to assert themselves negatively in a same‐sex friendship, and to self‐disclose and manage conflict in a romantic partnership. Additionally, this study found that men and women employ different communication skills depending on the sex of their relational partner. Implications and future research directions are discussed.     

An examination of the effectiveness of a sexual ethics curriculum

This article presents early evaluation data on the effectiveness of an ethics-based sex education program, the Sexual Ethics for a Caring Society Curriculum (SECS-C), which strives to develop adolescents’ thinking about sex so that they might act ethically in relation to other people and reflect ethically upon sexual messages and events in the world around them. Unlike typical evidence-based curricula that measure prevention goals from a health perspective, effectiveness was measured in terms of attitude change. Seventy-nine 9th graders from 7 diverse classrooms at a charter school received 8 lessons from the curriculum. Pre and post measures assessed belief in rape myths (the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale) and bystanderism (the Bystander Attitude Scale, Revised (BAS-R)). The students showed improvements with regard to rape myth attitudes but not with regard to their beliefs in the likelihood of intervening in troublesome sexual situations.     

基于GIS和BEHD的粪肥资源评价及其利用的空间布局优化

畜禽粪便是一种宝贵的肥料资源，但若管理和处理不当，就会成为重要的环境污染源。将畜禽粪便加工成生物有机肥是实现其资源化，促进农业和环境可持续发展的重要途径。由于畜禽粪便的运输距离是有限的，为因此，畜禽粪便资源评价成为实施生物有机肥工程的关键因素。同时，生物有机肥工程的选址又受到自然环境、社会、经济等因素的影响。本文以福建省龙岩市新罗区为案例区域，探讨运用GIS技术和粪肥的盈亏平衡运输距离原理对猪粪资源空间分布特征及生物有机肥厂用工程空间布局评价的方法。根据当地实际情况，以村级行政单位为研究单元，利用GIS的空间分析功能，对潜在粪肥资源分布进行初步研究，在此基础上选取了交通、法律法规、自然环境等指标对生物有机肥厂布局进行综合评价。在GIS技术的支持下，利用猪粪的最经济运输距离原理，对案例区域新罗区的猪粪资源量及分布进行研究，并探讨了生物有机肥厂用工程空间布局方案。结果表明，该区域具有充足的猪粪资源，主要分布在城郊附近，具有可以实施生物有机肥工程的有利条件。根据在粪肥资源评价基础上，综合自然环境、经济、社会等因素，综合评价结果确定6个备选厂址。该研究结果可为管理者制定发展规划和实施生物有机肥工程提供必要的科学依据和理论基础。同时，对于环境管理部门来说，粪肥资源分布研究方法也可以成为识别畜禽粪便污染严重区域的有利工具。     

运用人体生物钟节律把握教育时机

对于人体生物钟的研究已经有一个世纪了。虽然人们对于它的评价褒贬不一，在争论中也有人说它是伪科学，但人体生物钟节律理论在人们的日常生活和产生中起着重要作用，应用广泛。而它应用于教与学的研究目前尚少。教师和学生了解并运用自身的生物钟规律，有利于把握教与学的时机，提高教学的效率。     

The developmental influence of sex composition in preschool classrooms: Boys fare worse in preschool classrooms with more boys

A multilevel modeling approach was employed to investigate the relation between sex composition and developmental change in 70 urban preschool classrooms. The research represents a unique contribution as (1) few studies have examined the influence of sex composition during the preschool years, (2) it represents the first research to use a continuous (i.e., sex ratio) as opposed to binary (i.e., mixed- versus single-sex) indicator for classroom sex composition, and (3) the sample represents an important and often neglected group (i.e., low-income children from urban schools). A series of HLM models were run, addressing the nested nature of the data (children within classrooms), and relating classroom sex composition to developmental change using the cognitive, motor, and social subscales from the Child Observation Record (COR). Overall, there were no main effects at the classroom-level for sex composition. However, a cross-level interaction indicated that, while girls’ development was not influenced by classroom sex composition, boys in classrooms with proportionally more boys fared significantly worse in terms of development as assessed by combined score on the COR. More specifically, this interaction was significant when predicting the COR cognitive subscale, but nonsignificant when predicting the COR social and motor subscales. This was true when controlling for the number of students at the classroom-level, as well as child's age and baseline ability (i.e., Time 1 COR) at the child-level. Implications for early childhood education policy are discussed.     

四唑化合物的合成及其在农业上的应用

介绍了一些四唑化合物的合成路线与制取方法,四唑类衍生物的合成路线与制取方法,以及这些四唑类化合物优良的生物活性及其在除草剂和植物生长激素中的应用,展现了其在农业中的应用前景。     

EAG and behavioral responses of Helicoverpa armigera males to volatiles from poplar leaves and their combinations with sex pheromone

Electroantennogram (EAG) evaluation of selected compounds from wilted leaves ofblack poplar,Populus nigra,showed that phenyl acetaldehyde, methyl salicylate, (E)-2-hexenal elicited strong responses from male antennae of Helicoverpa armigera. When mixed with sex pheromone (Ph), some volatiles, e.g. phenyl acetaldehyde, benzyl alcohol,phenylethanol, methylsalicylate, linalool, benzaldehyde, (Z)-3-hexenol, (Z)-3-hexenylacetate, (Z)-6-nonenol, cineole, (E)-2-hexenal, and geraniol elicited stronger responses from male antennae than Ph alone. Wind tunnel bioassay demonstrated that various volatiles could either enhance or inhibit the effect of synthetic sex pheromone. (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol and linalool in combination with Ph could not induce any male to land on source at all, whereas phenyl acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, (Z)-6-nonenol and salicylaldehyde combined with Ph enhanced male response rates by 58.63%,50.33%, 51.85% and 127.78%, respectively, compared to Ph alone. These results suggested that some volatiles should modify sex pheromone caused behavior and that some of them could possibly be used as a tool for disrupting mating or for enhancing the effect of synthetic sex pheromone in the field.     

旅游影响下的社区生物资源利用方式演变研究——以香格里拉县洛茸村为例

旅游对社区生计结构的影响,已经逐渐受到学者们的关注,但缺乏对于旅游影响在社区生计方式演变中的所起的作用及影响程度的深入研究。对普达措国家公园内洛茸村的调查发现,当地社区长期受藏传佛教文化的影响,并由此形成了一套具有地方特色的生物资源管理和利用机制。旅游发展为当地社区带来了新的机遇,但也引起社区居民生态价值观的变化和生物资源利用方式的变迁。地方政策变化、经济利益支配、外来文化冲击、社会结构的层序变化等诸多因素在这一变迁过程中都起着重要作用。     

Relational Maintenance Strategies During the Post Sex Time Interval

The present study contributes to a growing line of research exploring the role of post sex communication in building and sustaining romantic relationships. More specifically, this study explores the use of relational maintenance strategies during the post sex time interval (PSTI). One-hundred and fifty-two individuals completed surveys after sexual activity and indicated the relational maintenance strategies they enacted during the PSTI. Results revealed that individuals enact the strategies of positivity and assurances to the greatest degree during the PSTI. Furthermore, extending the post sex disclosures model, results revealed that orgasm predicted differences in the use of assurances during the PSTI and that the strategy of assurances mediated the association between orgasm and several relationship outcomes (i.e., liking, commitment, control mutuality, and satisfaction). These findings suggest that individuals may use the PSTI as a time to reinforce their commitments to their partners, and that such behavior is associated with characteristics of the sexual episode and relationship outcomes. The implications of these findings for research on relational maintenance and post sex behavior are discussed.     

偶氮染料废水的处理方法及研究进展

偶氮染料废水是一种有机物含量高、成分复杂、色度高、可生化性差的难降解废水,其处理方法已引起广泛关注。本文阐述了物理法、化学法和生物法3种废水处理方法在偶氮染料废水处理中的应用,并对各种方法进行了评述,展望了今后的发展方向。