21世纪初我国高新技术产业发展的思考

我国高新技术产业发展已取得很大成就，但还存在国际竞争力不强等问题，加快我国高新技术产业发展要从多方面努力。     

Is academic tracking related to gains in learning competence? Using propensity score matching and differential item change functioning analysis for better understanding of tracking implications

This study analyzes gains in cognitive components of learning competence with respect to cohorts based on ability tracking in a Czech longitudinal study. Propensity score matching is used to form parallelized samples of academic and non-academic track students and to eliminate the effect of selective school intake. We applied regression models on the total scores to test for the overall track effect. Furthermore, we analyze scores and gains on the subscores and check for differential item functioning in Grade 6 and in change to Grade 9. While after 3 years, no significant difference between the two tracks was apparent in the total learning competence score, we did, however, find significant differences in some subscores and in the functioning of some items. We argue that item-level analysis is important for deeper understanding of the tracking implications and may provide the basis for more precise evidence-based decisions regarding the tracking policy.     

Teamwork and Entrepreneurial Behavior among K-12 Teachers in the United States

Abstract

This study attempted to identify the predictors of entrepreneurial behavior by assessing a series of variables that included teamwork skills and demographic variables, and to explore teachers’ experiences with teamwork. A sample of 367?K-12 public school teachers completed the survey. The findings indicated that teamwork predicts entrepreneurial behavior. Most participants received teamwork training through their school districts. Barriers to teamwork included time constraints, individual differences, and inability to collaborate.     

When screens replace backyards: strategies to connect digital-media-oriented young people to nature

Abstract

Children’s connection to nature (CTN) is declining with each generation, a concerning trend given that CTN is positively linked to wellbeing and environmentalism. A primary cause of this decline is that twenty-first-century youth engage with screens for several hours each day, which to a large extent replaces nature-based play. Researchers have proposed that this change represents a transition in human orientation, particularly in Westernized societies, from nature (biophilia) to digital media (videophilia). Interventions promoting nature-based play must acknowledge digital-media use as a competing leisure pursuit, but the literature presents little guidance for designing programs that will attract young people who are more oriented toward digital media than nature. Drawing on a wide breadth of research, we address this gap through (1) exploring the implications of videophilia for nature-based programming and (2) summarizing recommendations from a narrative literature review for designing interventions that appeal to digital-media-oriented youth.     

来华留学生的自我呈现:途径与机制

来华留学生的跨文化交流会影响其留学体验,基于新制度主义社会学视角,研究采用质性研究方法对来自北京师范大学的14位来华留学生进行了访谈、观察和实物收集,探究其自我呈现的途径及作用机制。研究发现,来华留学生以学习场域的边缘人、交往的分化者、精神空间的建构者、情感能量的获得者、反身性的调适者五种角色进行自我呈现。恰适性逻辑与结果性行为逻辑共同构成的社会适应逻辑作用于来华留学生个体的行为选择与身份表达。因个体行为与制度间的高度互动性,影响其自我呈现的制度构成包括规制性的安排与惯例、规范性的交往规则、文化-认知性的社会框架。所以高校不仅要在规制性层面进行政策调整,还应当对文化-认知与情感层面予以关注,从而促进来华留学生的跨文化适应。     

从教育选择权看教育发展的历史性转折

教育原本是一项由受教育者自主选择的自然权利，在教育国家化的进程中，国家出于普及教育之 需实施义务教育，由此教育强制与教育自由成为贯穿教育全过程的一对矛盾。“在家上学”的出现表明，尊重 个体的需要与选择应当成为政策制定与实施的应然选择。伴随公民权利意识的觉醒以及社会世俗化的进 程，人们的社交方式和认知方式发生变化，官民关系格局开始出现新的气象。由网络和非网络、体制内和体 制外等不同渠道构成的综合性的利益表达机制，使社会利益群体逐渐摆脱了利益表达的依附性。近年来正 在推进的教育治理体系和治理能力建设，促进了政府决策层对公共问题的关注和回应，引导当事人为共同 利益开展共同行动，及时化解矛盾纷争，促进社会和谐。     

Becoming Fathers: Initial Exploration of a Support Program for New Fathers

Emerging fathers experience a variety of stressors, including identity and role transitions, changes in their relationships, and challenges in developing caregiving skills. Increasing expectations for father involvement in childcare are emphasizing the importance of the father role, but social supports for new fathers remain scarce. Nineteen expectant and new fathers participated in a pilot 5-week group intervention aimed at improving stress coping and involvement attitudes using a combination of mindfulness practices and skill-building for parenting and partner communication. We administered surveys pre- and postintervention to assess efficacy in the areas of stress, depressive symptoms, father involvement attitudes, and mindfulness. Within-participant differences were compared across participants as well as examining individual reliable change. Results indicated initial reductions in stress and depressive symptoms and increases in the mindfulness constructs of nonjudgment and nonreactivity. No significant changes were found in father involvement attitudes. Perinatal intervention specific to fathers holds promise as an underexplored avenue for supporting families across the transition to parenthood.     

青年学生的创新教育

对青年学生的创新教育,一要培养青年学生的创新意识,二要培养青年学生的创新精神,三要培养青年学生的创新能力。     

注重能力培养做到因需而变--高职教育改革初探

文中主要从因需而变的专业设置，注重能务的课程体系构建，追求应用能力的教学改革，培养关键能力的综合教育等方面对高职教育进行初步的探讨，旨在探索出一条适合高职教育之路。     

中国劳动力市场运行轨迹及其发展障碍分析

在中国长达 40年之久的传统就业制度中 ,基本上不存在一般意义上的劳动力市场。单一就业格局的突破始于 2 0世纪 80年代初政府推出的“三结合”就业方针 ,而劳动力市场的形成则以国有企业中劳动合同制的推行 ,进而“再就业工程”的实施为标志。初步确立后的劳动力市场虽取得一定成就 ,但其发育并不平衡 ,并且市场自身的缺陷、市场供求主体的不明晰、工资调节机制不健全以及相关法律基础的不充分也在制约劳动力市场的进一步发育和完善 ,需要借助政府行为 ,通过深化改革 ,推进劳动力市场化进程