Negation recognition in medical narrative reports

Substantial medical data, such as discharge summaries and operative reports are stored in electronic textual form. Databases containing free-text clinical narratives reports often need to be retrieved to find relevant information for clinical and research purposes. The context of negation, a negative finding, is of special importance, since many of the most frequently described findings are such. When searching free-text narratives for patients with a certain medical condition, if negation is not taken into account, many of the documents retrieved will be irrelevant. Hence, negation is a major source of poor precision in medical information retrieval systems. Previous research has shown that negated findings may be difficult to identify if the words implying negations (negation signals) are more than a few words away from them. We present a new pattern learning method for automatic identification of negative context in clinical narratives reports. We compare the new algorithm to previous methods proposed for the same task, and show its advantages: accuracy improvement compared to other machine learning methods, and much faster than manual knowledge engineering techniques with matching accuracy. The new algorithm can be applied also to further context identification and information extraction tasks.

中西负面报道差异探析

中西方新闻负面报道上存在着差异。西方新闻热衷于负面报道,中国新闻以正面报道为主,负面报道处于次要地位。即使是负面报道,其报道的视角、价值取向与西方也截然不同。本文试图从新闻思维、媒介体制与法制以及文化观念三个方面比较、分析这种差异存在的原因。     

谈新闻标题中词语的修辞功能

在言语交际中，词语除了具有表达理性意义的基本功能外。还有标示语体、形象、角色等多种表达附加修辞意义的功能。这些词语的附加修辞功能在新闻标题中，既新颖、又鲜活，且能够“先声夺人”，产生良好效果。     

财务分析报告容易出现的五个问题

财务会计人员在撰写财务分析报告时容易出现五大问题:一是与企业管理脱节,二是与实际业务脱节,三是与企业整体脱节,四是与动态发展脱节,五是与营销策略脱节。     

Learning under conditions of hierarchy and discipline: the case of the German Army, 1939–1940

To survive in and adapt to dynamic, turbulent, and complex environments, organizations need to engage in learning. This truism is particularly relevant for army organizations in times of war and armed conflict. In this article a case of army operations during World War II is analyzed on the basis of ?rtenblad’s integrated model of the learning organization and Argyris and Schön’s theory of action approach. Among others, it is found that survival of and adaptation to combat conditions is possible through single-loop learning, provided that this learning takes place in an open and productive learning climate. This and other conclusions have important implications for theory and practice of organizational learning under conditions of hierarchy and discipline.     

Partners in Collaborative Cataloging: The U.S. Government Printing Office and the University of Montana

Collaboration is a necessity in the current library environment where time, money, and resources are limited. This is particularly noticeable for institutions housing federal government documents. In addition to keeping up with the influx of current publications, federal depository libraries must address historical documents for which bibliographic records are not readily available. This report discusses how the United States Government Printing Office and the University of Montana Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library are working together to increase access to pre-1976 United States Forest Service publications and gray literature within the same subject area.     

企业财务报告分析体系的探讨

企业的财务报告是综合反映企业一定时期财务状况、经营成果和现金流量的报告文件,对现有财务报告分析中存在的一些问题展开了讨论,并提出了应加强财务报告法规,从财务报表附注、现金流量等方面来完善我国的财务报告分析体系。     

中国新闻媒体宣传报道冬奥会的常见问题及北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会宣传报道策略

运用文献研究法和案例分析法梳理和概括了中国新闻媒体在2010年温哥华冬奥会、2014年索契冬奥会、2018年平昌冬奥会宣传报道中的常见问题,并基于此提出北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会(以下简称"北京冬奥会")宣传报道策略:1)北京冬奥组委要统筹协调面向新闻媒体记者的服务工作;制定应对突发负面新闻舆情事件的宣传工作预案;讲好中国故事,展现大国形象。2)宣传报道北京冬奥会的记者要掌握一定的冰雪运动技能知识,扎实做好采访前的准备工作,灵活运用采访技巧,全面了解北京冬奥会设置的冰雪运动项目,采写的新闻作品要及时甚至即时发布;电视台记者在现场与新闻直播间连线对话时要增强镜头意识,要善于研究和改进摄录设备。3)北京冬奥会赛事解说员要全面而准确地掌握北京冬奥会赛事的相关信息;要对冬奥会项目比赛规则与裁判常用判罚术语的英文字母代码及其含义了如指掌;解说与评论宜客观与公正;不要使用带有攻击性的词汇和敏感性词汇。4)中国新闻媒体宣传报道北京冬奥会的内容中不宜对比赛结果作经验性判断,要传播人文关怀;中国新闻媒体既要平衡国内运动员和国外运动员的新闻报道量,又要平衡赛场内新闻和赛场外新闻的宣传报道量。