漏芦挥发油成分分析

通过对漏芦挥发油中化学成分分析比较研究,为漏芦的开发利用提供依据.采用同时蒸馏-萃取法提取漏芦中的挥发油,并以气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)对挥发油中的化合物进行分析鉴定.共鉴定出30个化合物,占其化学成分总含量的80.57%.漏芦挥发油中主要化学成分为萜类化合物.     

The effects of mid-flight whole-body and trunk rotation on landing mechanics: implications for anterior cruciate ligament injuries

ABSTRACT

The purpose was to quantify the effects of mid-flight whole-body and trunk rotation on knee mechanics in a double-leg landing. Eighteen male and 20 female participants completed a jump-landing-jump task in five conditions: no rotation, testing leg ipsilateral or contralateral (WBRC) to the whole-body rotation direction, and testing leg ipsilateral (TRI) or contralateral to the trunk rotation direction. The WBRC and TRI conditions demonstrated decreased knee flexion and increased knee abduction angles at initial contact (2.6 > Cohen’s dz > 0.3) and increased peak vertical ground reaction forces and knee adduction moments during the 100 ms after landing (1.7 > Cohen’s dz > 0.3). The TRI condition also showed the greatest knee internal rotation angles at initial contact and peak knee abduction and internal rotation angles and peak knee extension moments during the 100 ms after landing (2.0 > Cohen’s dz > 0.5). Whole-body rotation increased contralateral knee loading because of its primary role in decelerating medial-lateral velocities. Trunk rotation resulted in the greatest knee loading for the ipsilateral knee due to weight shifting and mechanical coupling between the trunk and lower extremities. These findings may help understand altered trunk motion in anterior cruciate ligament injuries.     

Muscle force characteristics of male and female collegiate cross-country runners during overground running

ABSTRACT

Males and females demonstrate unique running mechanics that may contribute to sex-related differences in common running related injuries. Understanding differences in muscle forces during running may inform intervention approaches, such as gait retraining addressing muscle force distribution. The purpose of this study was to compare muscle force characteristics and inter-trial variability between males and females during running. Twenty female and 14 male collegiate cross-country runners were examined. Three-dimensional kinetic and kinematic data were collected during overground running and used to estimate muscle forces via musculoskeletal modelling. Principle components analysis was used to capture the primary sources of variance from the muscle force waveforms. The magnitude of the forces for the hamstrings, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles were higher across the majority of stance in male runners regardless of footstrike pattern. Males also demonstrated greater inter-trial variability in the timing of the peak gluteus maximus force and the magnitude of local peaks in the gastrocnemius force waveform. Male and female collegiate cross-country runners appear to employ unique lower extremity muscle force characteristics during overground running.     

过碳酸钠热分解动力学研究(Ⅱ)-最佳实验点的确定

采用置信域容积最小为目标的实验设计方法，对过碳酸钠分解动力学实验进行了统计设计，确定了最佳实验点的位置，研究结果表明，在过碳酸钠分解率0．1及0．85两个位置做实验，能够对过碳酸钠分解动力学模型中的两参数k和t0精确估值。     

Chemical bleaching of wood: an investigation into the bleaching of mahogany,walnut, rosewood,padauk, and purpleheart

This paper investigates chemical bleaching of wood to make species-specific practical recommendations for colour adjustment of veneer in furniture conservation. In more detail, chemical bleaching of Honduras mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), European walnut (Juglans regia), Rio rosewood (Dalbergia nigra), padauk (Pterocarpus spp.), and purpleheart (Peltogyne spp.) is investigated using 11 different bleach solutions. Both oxidative (e.g. hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate) and reductive (e.g. oxalic acid and sodium bisulphite) solutions were used. The results show that the wood species react differently with the investigated bleach solutions. It can also be noted that not all investigated solutions were suitable for all wood species. Based on the results, wood species-specific bleach solutions are recommended.     

黑钨矿中制取金属钨粉

以黑钨矿为对象，凭借钨的化学特性，通过一定的化学处理，制得较纯净的三氧化钨，并将三氧化钨经过氢气还原制得金属钨粉。     

The Impact of Learner’s Prior Knowledge on Their Use of Chemistry Computer Simulations: A Case Study

It is complicated to design a computer simulation that adapts to students with different characteristics. This study documented cases that show how college students’ prior chemistry knowledge level affected their interaction with peers and their approach to solving problems with the use of computer simulations that were designed to learn electrochemistry. Students with different prior knowledge levels were found to use different approaches to solving problems with the use of computer simulations. In particular, the cases showed that students with a high level of prior knowledge tended to use the equations and formulas to accomplish the learning tasks and then use the computer simulations to confirm their predictions. Students with a low level of prior chemistry knowledge used the computer simulations as the main resources to accomplish their tasks. Considerations of individual differences and the integration of learning materials were suggested for further research on instructional use of computer simulations.     

低浓度苯胺在大孔树脂上吸附的动力学研究

测定了水相中苯胺在NKA—Ⅱ和AB-8这2种大孔吸附树脂上的吸附等温线和吸附速率曲线．结果表明：极性的NKA—Ⅱ对苯胺的吸附量要高于弱极性的AB-8对苯胺的吸附量，苯胺在2种吸附树脂上的相平衡关系符合Freundlich方程；苯胺在NKA—Ⅱ和AB-8上的吸附受腱扩散控制．动态吸附实验和模拟结果表明：模拟透过曲线与实验透过曲线比较吻合，所建立的模型能够较好地描述苯胺在2种大孔吸附树脂填充柱上的吸附透过过程．     

论新课程标准下的高中化学实验的教育功能

《普通高中化学课程标准》的颁布,标志着我国高中化学课程改革进入了一个崭新的时代．化学实验是化学科学的重要基础,中学化学实验在高中生认识和研究化学科学中有着十分重要的意义．新课程高中化学实验课应成为学生获取科学知识和实验技能的重要手段,培养和提高学生非智力品质的重要过程和培养学生创新能力的重要渠道．     

云南主产区气候热环境与优质冬春香料烟生产关系的探讨

2001年/2002年在云南冬春香料烟主产区保山的罗明片和柯街片进行密度种植试验和气候考察.揭示出本区冬春香料烟生产季最高最低气温、平均气温和土温时空变化特点及差异气候特征;其中,冬季温度变化关键期(12月/1月)大部时段土温旬均值高于气温O.5℃～3.0℃,最低气温极值为3.0℃～3.4℃,随时空而异.研究表明,密度对烟叶产量和质量的影响以及株高迅速生长的天数随气候类型的不同而异;冬季热量水平低是生产优质冬春香料烟的制约因素;影响冬春香料烟生长发育和烟叶品质的温度因素因地域而异;光温差积影响烟叶总糖含量,10 cm土温影响烟叶烟碱含量;适宜种植密度行株距为40cm×12cm,单株风干烟茎重达28.44g～31.33g/株、风干烟叶重达82.99g～91.41g/株、产量为1 729.1kg～1 903.8kg/hn2.此外,建立了株高-温度关系模型,模型通式:y'=c0 n∑i=1ci·xi.在此基础上,提出在主产区实现优质香料烟生产的对策建议.