Quantitative evaluation of air pollution in transport strategic environmental assessment: a case study based on uncertainty analysis and graphic information system technology

Although the impact of road transport on urban air quality has achieved a high profile in China, still greater attention is required as it has not yet been considered fully even in relation to the road network linking cities and urban areas. Strategic environmental assessment （SEA） is a systematic and comprehensive process for evaluating the environmental impacts of a policy, plan or program in publicly accountable decision-making. Air pollution has been recognized as a significant issue in most transport SEA practices. The Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Hubei Road Network Plan （2002-2020） （HRNP） was introduced as one of the World Bank＇s pilot SEA projects. An effective framework was developed to investigate the functional relationship between the road network and its potential air pollutant emissions. In this study, two indicators were identified： emission intensity/ inventory of pollutants and the spatial distribution of the most polluted areas. Because strategic actions are inherently nebulous and data quality is often disappointing, three alternative scenarios were employed to address uncertainties and data/scale issues. Calculations were made using emission models and results were analyzed with the help of statistical tools and the geographic information system （GIS）. The results from the project implementation and the feedback from the World Bank have both shown that the proposed framework is effective in the transport SEA process.     

比较英语和汉语中的委婉语

委婉语是汉、英语言中共有的现象,它不仅是一种社会语言现象,也是一种文化现象。在很多领域,人们广泛地使用着委婉语,它在交际中起着很重要的作用。     

国际知名国内一流高水平大学内部组织结构研究——以安徽大学为例

以安徽大学为切入点,运用文献研究的方法,在厘清国际知名国内一流高水平大学内涵的基础上,从组织结构理论的视角,对安徽大学进行初步的研究与探索,并对其组织结构设计和内部组织管理做了分析,以便为把安徽大学建设成为国际知名国内一流高水平大学提供借鉴经验。     

基于二元语义的企业员工满意度评价研究

针对采用语言信息量度的企业员工满意度评价问题,提出了一种将二元语义信息处理方法运用于企业员工满意度评价的方法。首先给出了企业员工满意度的评价项目,并介绍了二元语义概念及其算子,在此基础上提出了基于二元语义的企业员工满意度评价方法与处理步骤,最后通过算例验证方法的可行性和有效性。     

PISA式汉语阅读测验的编制与维度评价

PISA测验着眼于学生的终生发展,其测验编制思想给各国教育评价带来了深刻的变革。本研究在PISA阅读测验理论与框架基础上,编制了PISA式汉语阅读测验。该测验包含三篇阅读材料,共18个测验项目。通过对测验难度、区分度、信度、效度的检测,并使用全息Bifactor模型进行维度评价。结果表明,编制的PISA式汉语阅读测验难度适中,具有较好区分度,信效度基本合格。同时,基本达到PISA对阅读测验能力结构的要求,较好地考查了学生的一般阅读理解能力,以及信息提取、文本解释、反思和评价等三个子维度的能力。     

可持续发展战略下我国低碳经济的思考

随着全球气温逐渐变暖,在人类自然资源和能源日趋紧张的环境下,发展低碳经济已成为世界各国的共识。在我国强调可持续发展的今天,走低碳经济之路是我们必须研究的课题。本文就如何结合我国实际发展低碳经济提出了思考。     

区域推进学校文化建设的策略

要进一步提升区域教育的综合实力,实现区域教育高位均衡发展,区域性推进学校文化建设是一条有效途径。校长文化建设,是区域性推进学校文化建设的关键;学校文化课题研究,是区域性推进学校文化建设的抓手;评估表彰机制,是区域性推进学校文化建设的向导。     

用评价引领学生合作与交流能力的提升

传统教学中学生合作与交流能力的培养不受重视,导致学生课堂合作交流能力评价的缺失。新课程改革大背景下,课堂教学中学生地位以及学科培养目标的转变,都使得学生学科合作交流能力的培养成为课堂不可回避的话题,因而学生学科合作交流能力的评价体系的建立就显得尤为重要。文章根据学生的实际情况,通过三级指标的逐一分析,先后制定了三级指标图、学生课堂合作交流能力评价量表以及评价量袁使用意见。     

情感过滤假说对高职英语教学的启示

根据克拉申的情感过滤假说,情感因素会加速或阻碍二语的习得。本文从这一假说出发,分析现在高职学生英语学习的情感状态,提出创设宽松的课堂环境,组织学生进行课外的合作学习,对降低情感障碍,加速二语习得有积极的作用。     

Evaluating effects of atmospheric CO2 on stability of global climate: a cell-to-cell mapping approach

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2], incoming solar radiation and sea ice coverage are among the most important factors that control the global climate. By applying the simple cell-to-cell mapping technique to a simplified atmosphere-ocean-sea ice feedback climate model, effects of these factors on the stability of the climatic system are studied. The current climatic system is found to be stable but highly nonlinear. The resiliency of stability increases with [CO2] to a summit when [CO2] reaches 290 μL/L which is comparable to the pre-industrial level, suggesting carbon dioxide is essential to the stability of the global climate. With [CO2] rising further, the global climate stability decreases, the mean ocean temperature goes up and the sea ice coverage shrinks in the polar region. When the incoming solar radiation is intensified, the ice coverage gradually diminishes, but the mean ocean temperature remains relatively constant. Overall, our analysis suggests that at the current levels of three external factors the stability of global climate is highly resilient. However, there exists a possibility of extreme states of climate, such as a snow-ball earth and an ice-free earth.