The Importance of Being Colorful and Able to Fly: Interpretation and implications of children's statements on selected insects and other invertebrates

Children have served as research subjects in several surveys on attitudes to insects and invertebrates. Most of the studies have used quantitative scoring methods to draw conclusions. This paper takes a different approach as it analyzes children's free-text comments to gain an understanding of their viewpoints. A total of 246 children aged 9–13 completed a standard questionnaire regarding their attitudes toward 18 invertebrates indigenous to Switzerland. Fourteen insect species and four other invertebrates were individually presented in a color photograph without any further background information. The children were given the opportunity to provide comments on each animal to explain the attitude score they had awarded. Nearly 5,000 comments were coded and categorized into 7 positive and 9 negative categories. A significant correlation between fear and disgust was not detected. Based on a hierarchical cluster analysis, we concluded that flying in the air versus crawling on the ground was a major differentiator for attitude and underlying reasons, only being trumped by the fear of getting stung. The visualization of our findings in a cluster heat map provided further insights into shared statement categories by species. Our analysis establishes that fear and disgust are separate emotions with regard to insects and other invertebrates. Based on our findings, we believe that prejudice-based fear and culturally evolved revulsion can be overcome. We suggest promoting environmental education programs, especially if they allow for personal experience, provide information in emotion-activating formats, and include content that resolves existing misinformation and myths.     

企业转型升级文献综述

在经历了由美国次贷危机引发的金融危机的洗礼之后,企业以及学术界越来越认识到转型升级的重要性和紧迫性,然而通过对企业转型和升级定义界定、模式、升级路径、影响因素文献进行的梳理,发现现有文献存在的主要问题为:目前的研究对企业转型和升级的定义不明确、升级路径单一、转型和升级混为一谈、缺乏对转型升级的衡量评价等问题。     

Anti-CD69 monoclonal antibody treatment inhibits airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma

Objective: Airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) are principle pathological manifestations of asthma. Cluster of differentiation 69 (CD69) is a well-known co-stimulatory factor associated with the activation, proliferation as well as apoptosis of immune cells. This study aims to examine the effect of anti-CD69 monoclonal antibody (mAb) on the pathophysiology of a mouse model of asthma. Methods: A murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation was used in this study. Briefly, mice were injected with 20 μg chicken OVA intraperitoneally on Days 0 and 14, followed by aerosol provocation with 1% (0.01 g/ml) OVA on Days 24, 25, and 26. Anti-CD69 mAb or isotype IgG was injected intraperitoneally after OVA challenge; dexamethasone (DXM) was administrated either before or after OVA challenge. AHR, mucus production, and eosinophil infiltration in the peribronchial area were examined. The levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-5 (IL-5) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were also assayed as indices of airway inflammation on Day 28 following OVA injection. Results: Pretreatment with DXM together with anti-CD69 mAb treatment after OVA provocation completely inhibited AHR, eosinophil infiltration and mucus overproduction, and significantly reduced BALF IL-5. However, treatment with DXM alone after OVA challenge only partially inhibited AHR, eosinophil infiltration and mucus overproduction, and did not diminish BALF IL-5. Treatment with either DXM or anti-CD69 mAb did not alter the concentration of BALF GM-CSF. Conclusions: Anti-CD69 mAb treatment inhibits established airway inflammation as effectively as DXM pretreatment. This study provides a potential alternative therapeutic opportunity for the clinical management of asthma and its exacerbation.     

广东省21个地级市生态文明发展状况综合评价与空间分异

为了评价广东省生态文明发展状况,论文根据生态文明的内涵,在遵循客观性、可行性、综合性、简明性和合理性原则基础上,从生态经济文明、生态社会文明、生态环境文明、生态文化文明和生态制度文明等5个方面构建生态文明发展状况综合评价指标体系,并运用2013年的统计数据,对广东省21个地级市的生态文明发展状况进行综合评价和聚类分析。研究结果表明,广东省21个地级市的生态文明发展状况可以划分为3类;在空间分布上,生态文明程度相对较高的地级市大多位于广东省中部、南部和北部地区,而生态文明程度相对较弱的地级市大多位于广东省东部、西部地区。研究结论为相关政府部门的决策提供参考。     

经济学视角下的信息服务模式研究

信息服务的成本和收益中都存在着外部性效应,由此使得其市场需求与供给呈现了普通商品所没有的特征。在实践中,信息稀缺向注意力稀缺的转变、信息服务的集聚效应以及替代性效应等都影响着信息服务模式的发展,并且这一趋势仍将继续。     

Web空间内部链接特征的聚类分析

本文运用链接分析方法,探讨了我国38所“985工程”院校网站Web空间内部的链接情况。并采用聚类分析、多维尺度分析进行了网站聚类,然后就该Web空间内部的连通情况作了可视化表达,还对Web空间内部链接与现实地域之间的关系进行了定量分析。     

对我国学生体质状况的灰色关联聚类分析

以灰色系统理论中的关联分析方法为基础,建立了基于关联度的聚类分析方法,并应用该方法对1995年全国汉族7~22岁男性学生的体质进行了聚类评价,结果表明：我国大学阶段的各年龄组学生群体体质处于最优这一层次;高中阶段的各年龄组学生群体体质处于最差层次;初中阶段的各年龄组学生群体体质处于中等层次;小学阶段的各年龄组学生群体体质分属于优、中、劣之间。同时显示出,该方法计算简捷,结果直观清晰,从而为体质的综合评价提供了一种新的量化方法。     

图书馆网络平台建设若干问题的探讨

从图书馆新馆建设的目标需求分析、网络建设应遵循的原则、网络体系架构和具体实施应注意的问题等四个方面, 探讨图书馆馆网络系统平台建设的诸多问题。     

基于主成分分析 因子分析与聚类分析运动员的运动能力评价方法研究

本文以全国排球联赛部分男子排球队员为研究对象,选取了37个变量作为分析基础,采用主成分分析法提取5个主成分综合存在于各变量中的信息,并通过极大似然法提取主因子,以最大方差法旋转因子荷载,得到因子得分筛选显著变量,其中第一显著因素和第二显著因素在重要性排位中位居前列,分别代表影响运动员运动成绩的心理因素和技能因素。最后通过计算因子得分和综合得分,通过聚类分析对运动员进行等级评价,分值的高低确定等级高低。     

Bibliographic coupling and its application to research-front and other core documents

Based on previous findings and theoretical considerations, it was suggested that bibliographic coupling could be combined with a cluster method to provide a method for science mapping, complementary to the prevailing co-citation cluster analytical method. The complete link cluster method was on theoretical grounds assumed to provide a suitable cluster method for this purpose. The objective of the study was to evaluate the proposed method's capability to identify coherent research themes. Applying a large multidisciplinary test bed comprising more than 600,000 articles and 17 million references, the proposed method was tested in accordance with two lines of mapping. In the first line of mapping, all significant (strong) links connecting ‘core documents’ (strongly and frequently coupled documents) in clusters with any other core document was mapped. This resulted in a depiction of all significant artificially broken links between core documents in a cluster and core documents extrinsic to that cluster. The second line of mapping involved the application of links between clusters only. They were used to successively merge clusters on two subsequent levels of fusion, where the first generation of clusters were considered objects for a second clustering, and the second generation of clusters gave rise to a final cluster fusion. Changes of cluster composition on the three levels were evaluated with regard to several variables. Findings showed that the proposed method could provide with valid depictions of current research, though some severe restrictions would adhere to its application.