行政法治:中国政府行政改革的制度保障

历次政府改革始终走不出"精简-膨胀"怪圈、成效不大的一个极为重要的原因就是缺乏法治的有效保障。因此,要确保政府改革目标的最终实现,就必须法治先行,将政府改革纳入法治的轨道。     

Collaborative action research through technologically mediated agoras

The study presented in this article forms part of a wider project promoting collaboration between junior researchers from different universities with the objective of rethinking and improving teaching practice in relation to the use of technology. The article describes research carried out during the 2012/13 academic year aimed at developing collaborative action research through technologically mediated agoras involving students from three Spanish universities. The main results of this study show that junior researchers improved their teaching practice through technologically mediated inside and outside agoras. In addition, the transformation of university classrooms into agoras enabled the negotiated reconstruction of knowledge for the analysis of good practice in the use of technology. Likewise, these agoras helped reduce limitations by breaking down the barriers of time, distance and resources for sharing findings and limitations between junior researchers. Furthermore, they pave the way for improvements and their implementation in learning processes during initial teacher training.     

Scaffolding teachers to foster inclusive pedagogy and presence through collaborative action research

Teachers can be influential change agents in transforming their schools if they regularly reflect on their pedagogical practices, looking for improvements that will help all learners reach their full potential. However, in many sub-Saharan African countries, teachers seldom get an opportunity to collaboratively reflect on their practices. Action research, as an in-service professional development strategy, can be an ideal means of empowering teachers to collaboratively reflect on and improve their pedagogy to be more inclusive. Drawing from collaborative action research projects conducted by teachers in two primary schools in Zanzibar, Tanzania, this article explores the role of collaborative action research in developing the capacity of teachers to inform improvements in their pedagogical practices. The findings show how the participating teachers, with scaffolding influence from a critical friend (research facilitator), developed professionally along their zones of proximal development by promoting their pedagogical and research skills to enhance the presence, participation and achievement of all learners in their schools. Based on the findings, the article shows both the advantages and disadvantages of using collaborative action research in teacher professional development in the study context. The article also discusses the significance of organisational learning in in-service professional development in order to foster inclusive pedagogy through collaborative inquiry among teachers.     

Collaborative working in a large pharmaceutical company: Developing better practices through a structurational schema

This paper presents the ongoing case study of a large pharmaceutical organisation currently undertaking a number of changes to their work practices. These collaborative changes are being facilitated by groupware systems. In many instances this has led to the rejection of or resistance to the more complex tools. The paper outlines research, based on a perspective informed by structuration theory, that provides the organisation with an approach to supporting staff in this new ‘collaborative environment’. An example, drawn from the case study, shows how such support might be developed and presents a set of recommendations for supporting a particular group, based on this research schema.     

高校及科研院所机构协同创新绩效的影响因素研究——基于社会网络的视角

本文以联盟管理、社会网络理论为基础，以参与“2011计划”协同创新中心的合作单位为研究对象，从组织声誉、联盟经验和网络中心性三个维度，对高校、科研院所的产学研合作协同创新绩效的影响因素进行了研究。在对国内外相关理论研究进行梳理与回顾的基础上，提出研究问题并建立实证研究模型，并利用二手数据进行分析验证。最终得到以下结论：（1）高校及科研院所的组织声誉与协同创新绩效之间的关系不显著；（2）高校及科研院所的联盟经验与协同创新绩效之间存在显著的正相关关系；（3）高校及科研院所在协同创新合作网络中所处位置的中心性对其联盟经验与协同创新绩效之间的关系起部分中介作用；（4）政府合作对高校及科研院所在协同创新合作网络中所处位置的中心性与其创新绩效之间关系的调节作用不显著。     

Dependency, resource depth, and supplier performance during industry downturn

This paper examines the effects of supplier dependency and resource depth on the performance of telecommunications suppliers during an industry downturn. It is shown that the R&D carried out independently by a supplier relates positively to the technological depth of the supplier's offering, which is further positively linked to performance. In contrast, the dependency of a supplier shows a negative curvilinear relationship (inverted U) to performance. The research policy implication of our finding is that, in addition to collaborative R&D, a supplier should also be encouraged to initiate its own independent R&D in order to reduce the potential distress on the business during an industry downturn.     

Socially shared metacognition of dyads of pupils in collaborative mathematical problem-solving processes

This study investigated how metacognition appears as a socially shared phenomenon within collaborative mathematical word-problem solving processes of dyads of high-achieving pupils. Four dyads solved problems of different difficulty levels. The pupils were 10 years old. The problem-solving activities were videotaped and transcribed in terms of verbal and nonverbal behaviours as well as of turns taken in communication (N = 14 675). Episodes of socially shared metacognition were identified and their function and focus analysed. There were significantly more and longer episodes of socially shared metacognition in difficult as compared to moderately difficult and easy problems. Their function was to facilitate or inhibit activities and their focus was on the situation model of the problem or on mathematical operations. Metacognitive experiences were found to trigger socially shared metacognition.     

我国劳务品牌培育的机遇、困境和对策

走劳务品牌经营之路,内强素质,外树形象,由国内走向国际,提升劳动力的核心竞争力,这既是劳动者本身发展所需,也是市场所需,但同时也面临人们的观念问题、劳动者自身素质问题、劳务品牌培育非专业化问题和制度欠缺问题等困境。提出了四项重要建议：多种途径改变对部分劳务工种的歧视;探讨劳务品牌专业化运作的方案,为劳务品牌培育提供可行的理论支持;吸引大学生加入到品牌劳务队伍中来,提高劳务品牌的含金量;完善相关制度,为创建知名劳务品牌提供制度保障。