Routines and collective orientations in mathematics teachers’ professional development

There is an increasing awareness of the social dimension in mathematics teacher education. Collaboration and co-operation are regarded as key factors in professional development. In this paper I will analyse some tensions that might arise when the professional development of mathematics teachers is considered a collective enterprise. I will present phenomenological group interview as a method that is designed to reveal the collective character of teacher development. Some primary teachers’ collective reflections on an ongoing professional development process will be interpreted by focusing on the concepts of routine and collective orientation. The discussion is centred on the ambivalence of routines, as facilitators of practice, and collective orientations, as socially-agreed-upon knowledge base, for mathematics teachers’ professional development.

钢琴集体课教学经验谈

钢琴集体课教学与传统一对一授课方式在乐器的使用、课堂时间分配上存在差异,因此,在重视集体课共时性特点的基础上,教学方法上应以基本弹奏原则为纲。     

Open source software development—Just another case of collective invention?

Do open source software (OSS) projects represent a new innovation model? Under what conditions can it be employed in other contexts? “Collective invention” regimes usually ended when a dominant design emerged. This is not the case with OSS. Firstly, the OSS community developed the institutional innovation of OSS licenses enabling OSS software to survive as a common property. Secondly, these licenses are mainly enforced by pro-socially motivated contributors. We characterize the conditions under which OSS communities develop and sustain pro-social commitments. We point out the vulnerability of these conditions to developments in patent legislation.     

Organization of knowledge ecosystems: Prefigurative and partial forms

This paper provides a unique perspective on knowledge ecosystems by studying their organization. Grounded in empirical evidence, we propose that knowledge ecosystems consist of users and producers of knowledge that are organized around a joint knowledge search. A distinction is drawn between knowledge ecosystems searching for a knowledge domain and those searching within an identified knowledge domain, respectively characterized as prefigurative and partial forms of organizing. In a knowledge ecosystem organized in prefigurative form (to identify a knowledge domain), actors whose participation is affiliated, self-resourced, and unobliged probe that domain to identify and establish shared knowledge as a basis for collective actorhood, with no formal rules or coordination mechanisms. In a knowledge ecosystem organized in partial form (where a knowledge domain has already been identified), actors search and reveal problem- and solution-related knowledge, participating though formal membership and access to resources, and their contributions are monitored. The present study contributes to the literature by 1) specifying the distinct types of joint search performed by knowledge ecosystems; 2) considering how the nature of joint search affects how knowledge ecosystems are organized; and 3) distinguishing two forms of organizing knowledge ecosystems, with a focus on participation and coordination.     

南方集体林区营林规模对林业补贴政策公平和效率的影响：一个来自浙江的实证

自2009年以来在南方集体林区实施的中央财政林业补贴项目已逾六年,针对项目实施主体的选择直接影响到该政策执行中的公平性和效率性问题,对该问题的探讨有助于完善今后林补政策的瞄准度,具有重要的研究价值。本文在构建营林规模对林业补贴政策公平与效率影响的理论框架基础之上,基于2014年浙江省案例点151户有效样本调查数据,运用Logit和Tobit模型分别分析了营林规模对林业补贴政策公平与效率的影响,发现在现有的林业补贴政策具体实施中,地方相关职能部门从降低监督交易成本和追求管理效率出发,会尽量鼓励让规模大户参与林补项目实施,即从政策受益面而言,该项政策实施是存在不公平情况的;另一方面,相对于非补贴户,林补政策的确刺激了补贴户生产要素在林业上的投入,提升其营林积极性,但是从对营林行为激励程度来看,是否将政策的实施对象集中于规模大户仍值得商榷,目前对规模大户重点倾斜的林补政策的实施效率没有显著提升。在此基础上,笔者提出了相关完善建议。     

论原苏联建立欧洲集体安全体系计划失败的原因

20世纪 30年代 ,苏联从本国利益出发 ,积极谋求建立欧洲集体安全体系 ,以消除纳粹德国侵略的威胁。然而 ,由于英法等西方民主国家缺乏诚意等原因 ,苏联的这一政策以失败而告终。通过对这些原因进行深入的分析 ,可以从中得出一些有益的经验教训     

论集体合同的若干问题

从集体合同的履行及其监督检查来看 ,我国制定《集体合同法》时应明确规定集体合同的履行原则 ,并确认集体合同双方联合监督检查制度和劳动行政部门对集体合同履行的监督检查权。从集体合同的变更和解除来看 ,我国制定《集体合同法》时应分别规定集体合同的约定解除和法定解除。从违反集体合同的责任来看 ,我国制定《集体合同法》时应对企业和工会一视同仁 ,不应对工会搞特殊化     

世界花样游泳集体自由自选造型变化趋势

为了探索世界花样游泳造型变化的趋势,对2007年十二届世锦赛,2006年第六届世界杯,2005年十一届世锦赛和2004年第28届奥运会花样游泳比赛集体自由自选前六名队伍的造型变化进行统计分析。结果显示：造型数量增加,变化速度加快,密度难度加大;托举的类型增加、层次增多,出水的人数增多,出水位置高,成型时间短,动作惊险、多变。中国队托举与立体造型进步明显,而密集编队、盲点编队、倒立移动编队等体现编队难度的指标与世界前三名队伍相比有一定的差距。     

Sunder the Children: Abraham Lincoln's Queer Rhetorical Pedagogy

This essay offers a theory of collective rhetoric derived from a case study of a central rhetorical event of the second wave of feminism, the Redstockings’ 1969 abortion speak-out. A central rhetorical function of consciousness-raising was the collective development of experiential knowledge, and I propose that collective rhetorics are characterized by the collaborative articulation of individual experiences through such rhetorical processes as narrative, irony and humor, and symbolic reversal. I conclude by discussing the importance of collective rhetorical processes in feminist contexts and the potential utility of a theory of collective rhetoric in understanding a range of contemporary discursive forms.     

微腔中光强崩塌-回复特性的研究

本文研究了高-Q微腔中两能级原子集体激发辐射光强的崩塌-回复。使用Secular近似,给出了对于激子粒子敷态和相干态情况下,微腔中光强的解析表达式。同时,得到了回复时间很大程度上依赖于原子极化子数、失谐以及原子与场之间的耦合常数的结论。