温州民营企业文化建设现状及路径探究——以奥康集团为例

温州民营企业文化建设处于摸索和模仿阶段,存在建设水平低、系统性缺乏、社会责任文化缺失及企业文化作用不显著等问题。基于奥康集团企业文化建设的实践,提出民营企业的企业文化建设从初创时期到成熟阶段,须经由“企业家文化一零散、模仿的企业文化一系统科学的企业文化”的建设路径。只有这样,民营企业文化才能“落地生根”。     

Ready,steady, action: what enables young people to perceive themselves as active agents in their lives?

Government and educational priorities place importance on young people of secondary school age being active, having their voices heard, and participating in their community. This paper explores an understanding of the role of agency in young people’s lives and how the concept is developing. Young people who perceive themselves as having agency may feel they have the ability to change something about themselves or their environment for a valued goal; this may increase their resilience and adaptability to life challenges.

A systematic review of agency-related literature revealed little consistency and coherence in definitions and components of agency, particularly regarding young people. Empirical research used realist grounded theory to analyse discussion of three focus groups consisting of 11 young people aged 13 to 17 involved in active school and community projects in both rural and urban areas from a large county in the UK. Findings indicate how certain psychological factors relate over time between a young person’s thoughts and feelings, their structural context and their positive interpersonal relationships to support their sense of being an agent.

This article argues that focus on young people’s agency is a key thread linking many areas of educational practice to empower young people. Implications for practice with young people, professionals and families are discussed, including use of a schema of the findings to guide assessment and intervention.     

网络知识组织系统表示语言:SKOS

网络知识组织系统(NKOS)可用于网络信息资源的组织和检索,弥补目前基于文本匹配的组织检索系统的缺陷。简单知识组织系统(SKOS)是W3C于2004年发布的新的网络知识组织系统表示语言,尽管目前还处于不成熟的发展阶段,但它的简单易用、适用范围广等优越性已经引起广泛注意;同样,SKOS作为W3C推荐的受控词表的表示标准,在促进受控词表的实际应用等方面有着非同寻常的意义。该文在NKOS的背景下详细介绍SKOS标准,并简单分析SKOS与其他知识组织系统表示语言的差异,然后举例部分SKOS现有应用,最后对SKOS及NKOS的应用加以展望。     

The Co-Effects of Query Structure and Expansion on Retrieval Performance in Probabilistic Text Retrieval

The effects of query structures and query expansion (QE) on retrieval performance were tested with a best match retrieval system (InQuery¹). Query structure means the use of operators to express the relations between search keys. Six different structures were tested, representing strong structures (e.g., queries with facets or concepts identified) and weak structures (no concepts identified, a query is a bag of search keys). QE was based on concepts, which were first selected from a searching thesaurus, and then expanded by semantic relationships given in the thesaurus. The expansion levels were (a) no expansion, (b) a synonym expansion, (c) a narrower concept expansion, (d) an associative concept expansion, and (e) a cumulative expansion of all other expansions. With weak structures and Boolean structured queries, QE was not very effective. The best performance was achieved with a combination of a facet structure, where search keys within a facet were treated as instances of one search key (the SYN operator), and the largest expansion.     

念动教学法在体育教学中的应用研究

本文就念动教学中如何使学生根据直观形象的动作表象和教师精炼的讲解,得以先想后练、边想边练、想练结合等作了具体教学实验。其结果表明,念动教学法可以达到缩短教学时间,提高教学效果和运动成绩的目的。     

拓展性学习中的概念形成--基于“文化-历史”活动理论的视角

拓展性学习的概念与理论是由芬兰学者恩格斯托姆最早提出的,是“文化-历史”活动理论在实践中的应用与发展。作为一种具有变革意义的学习范式,拓展性学习对传统学习模式进行反思与批判的基础上,从学习的目的、主体、内容、过程以及结果等方面颠覆了对学习的传统理解与认知,并认为学习的本质是“将一个简单的观念拓展成为一个复杂的活动目标或者形成一种新的实践形式”。拓展性学习的本质与内涵揭示了概念形成及演化与拓展性学习活动及实践之间的关系。这种关系体现在拓展性学习的过程中,即拓展性学习总是要经历从“质疑→分析→建模→检验→实施→反思→固化”的循环。作为拓展性学习理论的进一步发展,从行动与反思两个维度,拓展性学习中的概念转化可以划分为直觉感知、解释说明、归纳整合、制度化四个阶段。这对于我们深入认识拓展性学习理论和丰富现代学习理论具有一定的启示。     

Post-traumatic stress symptom development as a function of changing witnessing in-home violence and changing peer relationship quality: Evaluating protective effects of peer relationship quality

In the present study, witnessing in-home violence and peer relationship quality are evaluated as to their relative impact on Post Traumatic Stress (PTS) symptoms among children aged 8 to 17 investigated by child protective services (CPS) for maltreatment exposure. The sample included 2151 children from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being II (NSCAW II). Linear growth models were estimated to assess associations between changes in PTS symptoms, witnessing in-home violence, and peer relationship quality over time. Greater frequency of witnessing in-home violence at baseline (i.e. wave 1) was associated with higher baseline PTS symptoms (β = 0.44). Increases in witnessing in-home violence frequency over time (average annual change across three years) had a strong association with increases in PTS symptoms over time (β = 0.88). Baseline peer relationship quality was associated with fewer PTS symptoms at baseline (β = −0.45). Increases in peer relationship quality over time were strongly associated with declines in PTS symptoms over time (β = −0.68). Peer relationship quality at baseline did not moderate baseline or over time associations between witnessing in-home violence and PTS symptoms. The average decline in PTS symptoms due to decreases in witnessing in-home violence and increases in peer relationship quality was 0.51 and 0.65 standard deviations respectively, over the three-year study period. Reducing chronic witnessing in-home violence and promoting the development of healthy social relationships with peers are critical for PTS symptom recovery.     

Improving document clustering in a learned concept space

Most document clustering algorithms operate in a high dimensional bag-of-words space. The inherent presence of noise in such representation obviously degrades the performance of most of these approaches. In this paper we investigate an unsupervised dimensionality reduction technique for document clustering. This technique is based upon the assumption that terms co-occurring in the same context with the same frequencies are semantically related. On the basis of this assumption we first find term clusters using a classification version of the EM algorithm. Documents are then represented in the space of these term clusters and a multinomial mixture model (MM) is used to build document clusters. We empirically show on four document collections, Reuters-21578, Reuters RCV2-French, 20Newsgroups and WebKB, that this new text representation noticeably increases the performance of the MM model. By relating the proposed approach to the Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA) model we further propose an extension of the latter in which an extra latent variable allows the model to co-cluster documents and terms simultaneously. We show on these four datasets that the proposed extended version of the PLSA model produces statistically significant improvements with respect to two clustering measures over all variants of the original PLSA and the MM models.     

概念卡通及其在教学中的应用

概念卡通是由英国基奥和纳依拉于1992年作为一种教学工具提出的,之后逐步发展为一种教学策略,并在多学科中运用。通过卡通图画或利用多媒体插入动漫卡通的可视方式,将学生日常生活中前概念融入某种科学概念当中,凭借卡通角色对话引起学生认知冲突,从而使学生进一步理解、探究、重组科学概念。概念卡通能用作教学导入、教学效果检测,还可作为组织课堂教学的教具,它为课堂导入、组织课堂教学、评测儿童前概念提供了新的视角与新的方法。     

重新解读弗洛姆《马克思关于人的概念》——兼与张一兵先生商榷

弗洛姆坚持只有一个马克思,认为青年马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》之中所表述的人本主义思想是统摄整个马克思思想的灵魂。在他的代表作《马克思关于人的概念》中,弗洛姆比较详尽地论述了这一观点。弗洛姆的思想虽然有其历史的局限性和错误的方面,但他对马克思思想的解读值得我们认真思考,对于我们当前研究马克思思想的本质有一定的参考意义和理论价值,而张一兵先生在解读弗洛姆时贬低马克思《手稿》的科学性也是值得商榷的。