Practice-Based Design of Information Systems: Notes from the Hyperdeveloped World

This paper offers reflections on information systems design based in everyday practices. Drawing on experience in what I name the hyperdeveloped world of industrial research and development in the United States, I outline a series of concerns, organized under the themes of information flows, local improvisations and work practices. I then offer a set of alternative understandings of change and innovation that underwrite a practice-based design approach. These include a view of innovation as indigenous to technologiesin-use, an emphasis on the investments needed to create sustainable change, and an orientation to artful integration as an objective for information systems design.     

研究生工作站驻属企业创新绩效基于吸收能力变量共演进机制

目前企业研究生工作站作为校企研发联盟,其驻属企业创新绩效研究注重整体定性分析,多以人才培养质量保障为视角,实证研究较为鲜见;企业吸收能力不同变量对企业创新绩效的影响是理论研究热点。本研究以高校作为外部知识注入源,以457家企业研究生工作站所驻企业为样本,基于结构方程模型,研究企业吸收能力变量及其不同组合动态共演进对企业创新绩效的作用机制。研究表明：企业吸收能力影响因素不同变量组合对企业创新绩效作用与单因素相比明显改善,具体表现在企业研发活动、外部知识源在组织环境和沟通机制协同作用下,效应值显著提升并显示出明显的路径机制。本研究在基于企业研究生工作站的企业吸收能力对企业创新绩效作用机制研究方面以及企业研究生站建设方面有理论和现实参考价值。     

Innovation in services in networks of organizations and in the distribution of services

Three approaches of studying innovation in services are recognized: the assimilation, demarcation and synthesis approach. The synthesis approach attempts to arrive at a theory relevant for service and manufacturing. Gallouj and Weinstein [Gallouj, F., Weinstein, O., 1997. Innovation in services. Research Policy 26, 537-556] were one of the first to take this approach. This article contributes to the synthesis approach by revising their theory to enable reasoning about recent innovation trends in networks of organizations and in the distribution of services. The theory revision is based on several case studies. Implications for the study of innovation are discussed in terms of results from recent demarcation studies.     

基于因子分析法的中国高校科技创新能力评价研究

根据当前科技创新活动的发展状况,从五个不同维度构建起高等学校科技创新能力的评价体系和评价指标。选取2013年全国31个省、自治区和直辖市作为样本,利用因子分析法对各省市高校科技创新能力进行评价后,得出各地区科技创新能力的综合排名。发现中国区域间高校科技创新能力存在较大差异,不同因素对于高校科技创新能力拉动作用不同,并据此提出相应的对策和建议。     

Institutional frameworks and innovation in the German and UK pharmaceutical industry

This paper analyzes how governance structures impact the innovation capabilities of leading German and UK firms in the pharmaceutical industry. Our main objective is to show how variation in national institutional frameworks influences the innovation process, and thus, relative performance. There are two main conclusions. First, the corporate governance structure allowed leading UK firms to more quickly adapt than German firms to rapidly changing external environmental conditions in the global pharmaceutical industry. Secondly, leading UK firms have an advantage in generating innovative drugs (“blockbusters”) than do German firms due to the nature of the institutional framework in which they are embedded.     

Competition and innovation behaviour

This paper attempts to shed light on the complex relationship between innovation and competition. Traditional measures of product market competition using industry statistics are often challenged and found wanting. Using the Statistics Canada 1999 Survey of Innovation, this paper develops new measures of competition by arguing that firms’ perceptions about their competitive environment are important for innovation and are better measures of firm-specific competition. It shows that the relationship can be positive or negative, depending on specific competition perception and specific innovation activity. In addition, it shows that firms tend to bundle process innovation with product innovation, implying that the economic value of process innovation is likely embodied in product innovation.     

关于大学计算机教学改革

本文主要论述了目前我国大学计算机基础课程教学存在的问题与改革的方向,就目前我国高校计算机教育面临的问题作了深刻剖析,并就如何提高教学效果、培养学生的实际动手操作的应用能力,对大学计算机教学模式提出了一些切实可行的探索方法。从教学目标、教改指导思想、新的教学模式的组成等几个方面论述了新的教学模式和改革,力争提高计算机基础课程的教学质量和教学效果。     

电动自行车外观造型的创新设计思路

本文主要分析了电动自行车的历史和现状,通过目前电动自行车外观造型的各种方法的 调查和分析,提出外观造型创新的设计思路。     

中国技术创新学术研究18年述评(上)

自1989年国家自然科学基金首次资助技术创新类课题以来,我国的技术创新学术研究已走过了18个年头。在这18年间,我国的技术创新研究从学者关注到全社会重视,已发展成为涉及等多个领域的重要学术领域。在该过程中,国家自然科学基金作为中国最高级别的学术资助基金,在资助技术创新学术研究上发挥了不可替代的重要作用。其所资助的技术创新类研究项目代表了中国技术创新研究的最高水平。本系统概括分析了1989年到2007年国家自然科学基金资助的1D0个技术创新类研究课题,就这些研究的领域分布,各领域研究的主要问题,所研究问题的时间特征等进行了综述。希望本文对关注中国技术创新学术研究的人群有一些启示。     

Does co-location matter for formal knowledge collaboration in the Swedish biotechnology-pharmaceutical sector?

This article addresses the validity of assumptions about the importance of co-locality for innovation, by analyzing whether or not co-location matters for formal knowledge collaboration in the Swedish biotechnology-pharmaceutical sector, or biotech-pharma sector. The population of Swedish biotech-pharma firms has been defined, based on the three criteria of geographical location, their engagement in active knowledge development, and their specialized knowledge/product focus. The firms’ patterns of regional, national and international collaboration with other firms and with universities is analyzed, as well as the differing collaborative patterns of small versus large firm. In addressing the theoretical questions about the relative importance of co-location for innovation, the article also provides an empirical overview of the Swedish biotech-pharma sector, especially trends over time. This paper thus contributes to the literature by expanding our empirical knowledge about one European biotech-pharma sectoral system, e.g. Sweden, as well as addressing the theoretical question about the relative importance of co-location for formal knowledge collaboration.