第48届世锦赛女子体操竞争格局及我国的对策

本文通过文献资料法、录像观察法及数理统计法等研究方法,对第48届世界体操锦标赛女子体操的奖牌分布情况、团体比赛成绩以及单项比赛成绩进行了分析,探讨了当前女子体操的竞争格局。结论:(1)从团体来看,美国依旧称霸体坛,我国与俄罗斯作为“第二军团”,与美国还有一定的差距;(2)从单项上来看,世界各国涌现出诸多优秀的选手,在竞争格局中都占有重要地位;(3)我国在难度与完成方面缺乏均衡发展,强项优势萎缩弱项止步不前并且编排没有完全吻合国际规则趋势。建议:在难度与质量方面做到统筹兼顾、努力提高强项弥补弱项、深入研究赛制、精心吃透规则,争取在东京奥运绽放光彩。     

Communication Efficacy and Couples' Cancer Management: Applying a Dyadic Appraisal Model

The purpose of the present study was to apply Berg and Upchurch's (2007) developmental-conceptual model to understand better how couples cope with cancer. Specifically, we hypothesized a dyadic appraisal model in which proximal factors (relational quality), dyadic appraisal (prognosis uncertainty), and dyadic coping (communication efficacy) predicted adjustment (cancer management). The study was cross-sectional and included 83 dyads in which one partner had been diagnosed with and/or treated for cancer. For both patients and partners, multilevel analyses using the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) indicated that proximal contextual factors predicted dyadic appraisal and dyadic coping. Dyadic appraisal predicted dyadic coping, which then predicted dyadic adjustment. Patients' confidence in their ability to talk about the cancer predicted their own cancer management. Partners' confidence predicted their own and the patient's ability to cope with cancer, which then predicted patients' perceptions of their general health. Implications and future research are discussed.     

Exposing the Challenges and Coping Strategies of Field-Ecology Graduate Students

In this paper, we expose the unique challenges confronting graduate field-ecology students and the coping strategies they adopt to overcome such challenges. To do so, we used a qualitative (in vivo) research method that combines interviews, observations and open questionnaires with a group of five Israeli graduate students. The two major challenges that the students faced were the uncontrolled nature of field research (or complexity), and the nature of field setting, which isolated the students from authoritative guidance. In response to these challenges, the students developed a set of research skills which were expressed in this study by a series of three (metacognitive) strategies which we designated as ‘protocol-dominated’, ‘intermediate’ or ‘field-dominated’. In order to develop such research skills, our subjects rely upon declarative and procedural knowledge. In contrast to declarative knowledge, learned in coursework, procedural knowledge is learned and activated via the situated experience of implementing research in authentic field environments. We also found that fieldwork complexity imposes itself the minute the students step into the field; potentially, this can negatively impact students' motivation. However, as the students accumulate field experience and acquire the knowledge and skills needed to overcome the field's complexity, their motivation improves. Recognizing the unique learning components connected to field research will help novice students better cope with fieldwork challenges, as well as help their advisers in guiding them. This work also has implications for designing inquiry curricula in field sciences for university and high-school students.     

Coping with pre- and in-event fluctuations in competitive state anxiety: A longitudinal approach

The direction of anxiety - the positive or negative nature of competition-related cognitions - is an important distinguishing variable that accounts for significant individual differences. However, very little is known about the pre- and in-event patterning of the construct, specifically how it changes over time. The aims of this study were to establish the extent to which the direction of anxiety is a dynamic or stable longitudinal response to stress and whether this patterning appears to be related to coping. Pre-event, state anxiety intensity and direction data were obtained from 22 youth sport participants in two training and two competition environments within the same season, with the in-event anxiety and coping data being obtained from the 'high-stress' competition condition. The predispositional coping strategies of the participants were assessed by use of the trait version of the 'COPE' scale. The findings revealed significant differences in the patterning of anxiety direction between and within the facilitative and debilitative groups. This was accompanied by distinct qualitatively and quantitatively reported differences in the strategies of coping adopted by each group. Facilitators appeared to use problem- and emotion-focused coping characteristics in response to stress, whereas debilitators appeared limited in their use of coping constructs. Conceptually, the direction of anxiety would appear to be a mechanism that may, in itself, exist as a strong indicator that effective coping is taking place.     

Identifying factors that influence the learner empowerment of international students

The internationalisation of education promises to prepare students for diversity in the global workplace. However, many international students do not thrive in their host academic communities. A sample of 196 international students enrolled at a New Zealand (NZ) university between 2011 and 2012 completed an online survey, which explored cultural concepts identified as relevant to the acculturation process. A multiple regression of the quantitative data identified that prior knowledge, perceived relevance, belongingness and cultural distance accounted for almost 50% of the variance in the successful acculturation of students into the university culture. The high level of self-reflectivity throughout the qualitative data provided insight into the integral role of both staff and host students as a catalyst in this process. Findings of this research illustrate that alongside functional support, there is a need to develop the intercultural communication competence of faculty and host culture students. Recommendations to achieve enhanced outcomes for international students include future curriculum development, staff training, host student education and enhanced structural support in areas identified as barriers to successful acculturation.     

大数据时代的大学英语写作教学改革

互联网以及各类移动终端的日益普及将人类带入了一个全新的大数据时代。大数据的时代特点为大学英语写作教学,包括写作教学资源、写作目的、写作内容与组织、写作辅助手段与工具、写作评估以及写作能力的内涵带来从观念到行为等多方面的变化,也为大学英语写作教学的改革带来新的机遇和挑战。大数据时代,大学英语写作教学应以语言应用为教学目的,多角度认识作者、文本与读者之间的关系,多维度地设计教学方案。同时,教学平台应将不同的网络应用系统和功能集成在一起,实现写作教学评估系统与写作教学的无缝衔接。大学英语写作教师应对此做好充分的思想与策略准备,在提升个人信息技术能力的同时,增进与教育技术人员的合作。     

学校心理环境对学生心理成长的影响与应对策略

学校心理环境的好与坏直接影响学生的心理成长。论文从阐述心理环境的构成入手,进而分析了心理环境对学生心理成长有哪些影响,最终根据当前学生心理要求提出了改善学校心理环境的几种应对策略。     

新生代农民工社交焦虑、自我效能感与应对方式的关系

目的：探讨新生代农民工社交焦虑、自我效能感与应对方式的关系。方法：采取分层整群抽样的方法,应用社交焦虑量表、一般自我效能感量表和应对方式问卷对442名新生代农民工进行问卷调查。结果：（1）新生代农民工社交焦虑存在显著年龄差异,性别差异不显著。（2）新生代农民工自我效能感存在显著的性别差异,年龄差异不显著。（3）新生代农民工社交焦虑与自我效能感呈显著负相关。（4）合理化、解决问题与社交焦虑呈显著负相关,社交焦虑与自责呈显著正相关。结论：新生代农民工自我效能感与社交焦虑呈显著负相关;社交焦虑与自责呈显著正相关,社交焦虑与合理化、解决问题呈显著负相关。     

高职高专院校“专升本”工作的现状及应对策略--以河南省高职高专院校“专升本”工作为例

当前,我国的教育方针不断向高职教育倾斜,各高职高专院校一直以来重视人才综合素质的培养和就业水平的提高,并逐步凸显其在整个国民经济发展中的重要作用。以河南省高职高专院校的“专升本”工作为切入点,通过近年来“专升本”招生录取及高职高专院校学生入学成绩进行认真调查研究,论证了当前我国“专升本”工作面临的严峻形势及应对策略。     

Diffusion of News of the Shuttle Columbia Disaster: The Role of Emotional Responses and Motives for Interpersonal Communication

This study examined the role of emotion in the process of news diffusion following the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster. Respondents reported both sadness and anger, but sadness was the predominant emotional response. Early learners reported more sadness, but emotional response was unrelated to the initial source of the news. Regarding interpersonal news diffusion, individuals who reported more sadness were more likely to pass the news on to others and spent more time discussing the event. Anger was associated with contacting a greater number of people. Individuals who contacted more people and spent more time in discussion reported stronger emotional (but not informational) motives for talking with others, and were more likely to say that they felt better after interpersonal contact. Overall, the findings suggest that interpersonal news diffusion and discussion function, in part, as ways to cope with emotional responses to news coverage.