国内外网络舆情演化、预警和应对理论研究综述

通过国内外关于网络舆情演化规律、预警机制和对应评估的文献综述开展深入研究。对网络舆情基本问题进行研究,舆情产生后可有多种演化方式,舆情5维特征决定了舆情的产生、发展和演化,把引发实现行动作为网络舆情的末端不利于应对处理;对网络舆情演化规律的理论及分类进行研究,主要归纳为基于专题舆情、舆情主体、信息传播和网络行为的网络舆情演化机制研究;对网络舆情预警的理论及技术进行研究,核心技术是自然语言处理,涵盖舆情主题、舆情内容、传播过程、传播媒介、舆情受众的指标体系各有侧重并不完整;对网络舆情应对的理论及评估进行研究,论述网络舆情的应对做法较多,研究系统性网络舆情应对方法的相对较少。最后针对网络舆情演化、预警和应对理论的研究综述,提出相应的具体研究方法。     

The development of achievement emotions and coping/emotion regulation from primary to secondary school

This study reports on the development of achievement emotions and coping/emotion regulation in primary to secondary school-aged children and adolescents. Based on two longitudinal cohorts (Grades 2–5; Grades 4–7), latent growth models were used to analyze the development of achievement emotions and coping strategies separately as well as simultaneously. The results show that enjoyment decreases across grades, whereas boredom increases, with substantial changes between Grade 5 and Grade 7. Consistently, the development of enjoyment is positively associated with the development of problem-focused coping and palliative emotion regulation, whereas the development of boredom is positively associated with the development of avoidant coping and anger-related emotion regulation. Moreover, the relation between problem-focused coping and boredom, as well as between avoidant coping and enjoyment, depends on the age group. The results are discussed regarding the organization of learning environments in classes to prevent unfavorable developmental patterns of achievement emotions.     

Being Open without Talking about It: A Rhetorical/Normative Approach to Understanding Topic Avoidance in Families after a Lung Cancer Diagnosis

The present study uses a rhetorical/normative perspective to examine families' communication and coping in response to a parent's diagnosis of, and eventual death from, lung cancer. Through in-depth, semistructured interviews with 35 adult children, we identified two broad areas of communicative avoidance (avoiding information and avoiding emotion) and three general ways of managing avoidance and openness (denial, segmentation, and being open while avoiding). The interviews suggested that denial was a particularly dissatisfying means of managing competing goals, whereas being open while avoiding appeared to be functional for family members. The discussion focuses on our understanding of reasons why people avoid in this context, implications for rhetorical/normative approaches and theories of information management, and practical implications of the current findings.     

Evaluations of Supportive and Unsupportive Responses during Spousal Deployment

This study investigates helpful/unhelpful support, and reasons why responses from others are evaluated as helpful/unhelpful in terms of how they affect the ability to cope with deployment. Interviews were conducted with 26 military partners during deployment. The results offer a typology of (un)helpful responses and attributions of these responses. Furthermore, the results indicate that similar responses can be evaluated as both helpful and unhelpful, creating a support paradox. Three prominent dimensions affecting the variability in response evaluations, based in validation, understanding, and control, are discussed: in-group versus out-group, identity-confirming versus identity-disconfirming, and burden-reducing versus burden-inducing. These dimensions deepen our understanding of how support is unique within the context of deployment, specifically in terms of the paradox it can create.     

A Multiple Goals Perspective on Topic Avoidance and Relationship Satisfaction in the Context of Breast Cancer

Using a multiple goals perspective on interpersonal communication as a theoretical framework, this study examined the circumstances under which topic avoidance might predict lower relationship satisfaction among women coping with breast cancer. Results gathered from questionnaire responses of women who had recently undergone treatment for breast cancer (N=140) indicated that the association between topic avoidance and relationship satisfaction was moderated by patients' own reasons for avoidance, and by perceptions of partners' reasons for avoidance. The findings of this study contribute to recent scholarship suggesting the importance of considering the motivations for and interpretations of topic avoidance in order to better understand how patterns of topic avoidance predict relational wellbeing.     

Military Wives' Stressful Disclosures to Their Deployed Husbands: The Role of Protective Buffering

This study combines the fever model with communication privacy management to examine the conditions under which military wives are likely to disclose their family stressors or engage in protective buffering with their deployed husbands. Military wives (N =105) whose husbands were deployed and who had at least one child completed a web-based survey about the communication of family stressors during deployment. Protective buffering was associated with negative health symptoms, and disclosure was related to marital satisfaction. Wives' perceptions that their husbands were in dangerous situations as well as their perceptions that husbands were supportive of their disclosures were both related to protective buffering and disclosure.     

我国与发达国家老年体育发展对比研究启示——以美国、日本、德国为例

当今“银发浪潮”之势席卷全球,人口老龄化已成为我国发展过程中必须面对的问题,体育作为积极应对人口老龄化的经济、便捷的有效方式得到了世界的认可。发达国家进入老龄化早于我国,其丰富的实践经验可为我国老年体育发展提供宝贵经验,该文运用文献资料法、对比分析法,对美国、日本、德国等发达国家的老龄化现状、老年体育发展的学术研究情况、体育志愿者体系建设等方面进行对比分析,研究认为:发达国家体育志愿者的多渠道培养及奖励机制和加强老年体育科研,以提高科研转化为核心的做法值得我国借鉴学习。     

评课制度存在的问题和对策——以福建师范大学某院《发展与教育心理学》改革为例分析

针对我校《发展与教育心理学》实行＂评课＂的现状及对策问题,本研究对67名大学生进行问卷调查。结果表明：绝大多数赞同评课,认为评课促进师生互动,调动学生主动参与,密切师生关系,有助于教学相长;但是,评课内容针对性不强、形式单一、时间短,大多数学生不能有效参与是评课突出的问题。为此,通过加强内容的针对性,创设多种形式,激发学生的普遍兴趣,延长评课时间,确保学生的全面参与等措施,改善并促进评课的发展。     

开放英语教学中情感缺失归因分析及应对策略

在现代远程开放教育环境下,由于情感交流机会少、情感抑制因素多等原因而导致的情感缺失一直是困扰开放英语教学的一个难题。而情感又是语言学习的原动力,如何寻找应对策略,因势利导,突出以人为本,重视语言教学中情感交流,利用情感因素为教学服务,值得开放教育工作者重视和研究。     

Child maltreatment and marijuana problems in young adults: Examining the role of motives and emotion dysregulation

It is well established that childhood maltreatment is an important predictor of marijuana use, but few studies have examined the mechanisms underlying this relationship. The current study examines marijuana motives as mediators of the relationship between childhood maltreatment and marijuana use in a sample of young adults. In addition, pathways from childhood maltreatment to emotion dysregulation, coping motives, and marijuana use were explored. Participants were 125 young adults (ages 19–25, 66.9% female) recruited through online community advertising. All participants completed questionnaires assessing childhood maltreatment, emotion dysregulation, marijuana motives, past year and past three-month marijuana use, and marijuana problems. Correlational analyses revealed bivariate relationships between childhood maltreatment, emotion dysregulation, marijuana motives and marijuana problems (rs = .24–.50). Mediation analyses revealed that coping motives mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and marijuana problems, and emotion dysregulation was associated with marijuana problems both directly and indirectly via coping motives. The present findings highlight emotion dysregulation and coping motives as important underlying mechanisms in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and marijuana problems.