英语口语交流中信息差的成因剖析

口语交流中,信息差是一个普遍存在的现象。信息差影响着人们的言语交流,影响着人们彼此间的理解和信任。文章分析了口语交流中信息差的概念内涵,进而从语音、语义、语用三个层面出发,分别对其可能产生的信息差及其成因作了探讨,为英语口语教学提供了新的视角。     

Leveraging microgrants to support capacity-building workshops in low- and middle-income countries for meeting the Sustainable Development Goals

Twenty fifteen marked the year of assessment for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The MDGs that achieved the greatest success were those where evidence-based practice (EBP) interventions were implemented. The ability to practice evidence-based medicine is grounded in the creation of and access to medical literature that synthesizes research findings. The role that global health literature played in the success of the MDGs demonstrates that medical libraries and librarians have a role to play in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).Librarians can hold capacity-building workshops that provide instruction on how to access evidence-based literature and also train health professionals to conduct synthesis research. Research findings conducted by in-country health professionals are more likely to address issues being faced by local communities and will afford the possibility of obtaining the necessary evidence-based answers that can then be used to implement policies to resolve public health issues identified in the SDGs.This paper discusses how an international team of librarians leveraged funding from a Medical Library Association/Librarians without Borders/Elsevier Foundation/Research4Life grant to hold a capacity-building workshop in Zimbabwe and follow-up online trainings. The workshop focused on accessing evidence-based resources and conducting synthesis research. Outcomes included the creation and policy implementation of evidence-based knowledge products in alignment with local needs and galvanizing a multisectoral group of key individuals who have gone on to collaborate toward the vision of creating a Zimbabwe innovation hub. Looking ahead, such grants can be leveraged to conduct capacity-building to support knowledge translation and other local training needs.     

Evaluation of adverse drug reaction formatting in drug information mobile phone applications

Objective:To evaluate the differences in presentation (formatting) of adverse drug reaction (ADR) information within drug monographs in commonly used drug information (DI) mobile device applications.Methods:A cross-sectional analysis of ADR formatting of twenty commonly prescribed oral medications within seven DI mobile applications was performed. Databases were assessed for ADR information, including presence of placebo comparisons, severity of ADR, onset of ADR, formatting of ADRs in percentile (quantitative) format or qualitative format, whether references were used to cite information, and whether ADRs are grouped by organ system. Data was collected by two study investigators and discrepancies were resolved via consensus.Results:The seven DI mobile applications varied significantly on every analyzed ADR variable with the exception of ADR onset, which was absent in all databases. Significant differences were found for variables known to impact clinical judgment such as placebo comparisons and qualitative versus quantitative formatting. Placebo comparisons were most common among monographs in Lexicomp (30%) but were absent among monographs within other applications. Quantitative information was commonly used in most databases but was absent in Epocrates. Qualitative formatting was present in all Epocrates and Micromedex applications but absent in the majority of other applications. Substantial variations were also found in severity and grouping information.Conclusion:Substantial variation in ADR formatting exists among the most common DI mobile applications. These differences may translate into alternative interpretations of medical information and thus impact clinical judgment. Health care librarians and clinicians should consider ADR formatting when choosing between DI applications.     

Creating information resources and trainings for farmworker-serving community health workers

Background:Farmworker-serving community health workers have limited access to farmworker health research findings, training, and education resources. With funding from the National Library of Medicine, we are working to improve the health information literacy of both community health workers and farmworkers. We conducted focus group discussions with community health workers to explore their experiences providing health education and information to farmworkers, their information-seeking behaviors, and their technology and information needs. Data from the focus groups provided insights into the main areas in which community health workers would like to receive professional development.Case Presentation:Our team, which includes health sciences librarians, developed a resource list of educational materials for farmworker health, videos to increase community health workers'' skills finding health information online, and webinars to introduce these resources to community health workers. Videos, available in Spanish and English, included instruction on finding and evaluating online health information, accessing reputable online consumer health information sources, and advanced searching tips for Google and PubMed. Through three webinars, we introduced the resource list, videos, and design software for creating handouts and infographics to community health workers.Conclusions:Community health workers have a critical role in providing health education and information to farmworkers, and our efforts represent a first step in addressing community health workers'' limited access to professional development. Health sciences librarians are well positioned to partner with interdisciplinary teams working to reduce health disparities and provide resources and training to community health workers, farmworkers, and other underserved communities.     

我国信息资源建设相关问题研究

近几年,我国信息资源建设已经成为研究的热点。本文从数字化、信息组织、共建共享、标准化、法律建设等方面对我国信息资源建设的相关问题进行评析。     

网络环境下的图书馆数字信息服务探讨

文章在分析当前图书馆信息服务背景的基础上,探讨了网络环境下图书馆数字信息资源的整合和开展集成数字信息服务具体方法,对现实中的图书馆数字信息服务工作有着参考与指导意义。     

基于图书馆的网络信息资源控制研究

网络信息资源数量的急剧上涨,造成社会信息供给能力与消费能力之间的剧烈矛盾,为了解决用户利用网络信息资源遇到的难题,网络信息资源必须纳入信息机构的再组织加工行列,图书馆以其传统实体资源序化的杰出特点介入网络资源的控制,将拓宽图书馆的生存空间,提高网络信息资源的利用率。笔者从图书馆对网络信息资源控制的必要性、控制的结构、控制的环节入手,对图书馆网络信息资源控制进行了深入细致的探讨。     

浅谈网络环境下公共图书馆报刊的开发利用

从分析网络环境下报刊工作特点出发,结合本馆实际,阐述了公共图书馆在强化服务意识、完善传统服务、拓宽服务新领域、开发利用报刊信息资源的多元化服务问题。     

高职教育中的顶岗实习精细化管理教学研究——依托信息管理系统和工作站模式

顶岗实习是高职教育中培养学生良好职业素养的重要教学环节,是学生由在校生到准员工再到合格员工的社会角色转换的过渡期,对提升学生职业能力起着关键作用,是高职教育人才培养不可缺少的重要组成部分.为适应时代发展新需要,满足实习管理新要求,实践和探索多年的校企合作工作站管理模式,亟待引入精细化管理理念,依托信息化管理手段,不断优...     

网络信息分类组织研究的重点、热点及其他

概括了6年来网络分类信息组织研究的重点、热点、特点及问题.