金属配合物与DNA相互作用研究手段和进展

本文以金属配合物DNA的作用为主要内容,阐述了光谱学和电化学等多种仪器分析方法在研究金属配合物与相互作用中的应用以及金属配合物与DNA的作用近年来的研究情况,并对今后的发展趋势进行了展望.     

MKRN3 regulates the epigenetic switch of mammalian puberty via ubiquitination of MBD3

Central precocious puberty (CPP) refers to a human syndrome of early puberty initiation with characteristic increase in hypothalamic production and release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Previously, loss-of-function mutations in human MKRN3, encoding a putative E3 ubiquitin ligase, were found to contribute to about 30% of cases of familial CPP. MKRN3 was thereby suggested to serve as a ‘brake’ of mammalian puberty onset, but the underlying mechanisms remain as yet unknown. Here, we report that genetic ablation of Mkrn3 did accelerate mouse puberty onset with increased production of hypothalamic GnRH1. MKRN3 interacts with and ubiquitinates MBD3, which epigenetically silences GNRH1 through disrupting the MBD3 binding to the GNRH1 promoter and recruitment of DNA demethylase TET2. Our findings have thus delineated a molecular mechanism through which the MKRN3–MBD3 axis controls the epigenetic switch in the onset of mammalian puberty.     

Development of mouse preimplantation embryos in space

The development of life beyond planet Earth is a long-standing quest of the human race, but whether normal mammalian embryonic development can occur in space is still unclear. Here, we show unequivocally that preimplantation mouse embryos can develop in space, but the rate of blastocyst formation and blastocyst quality are compromised. Additionally, the cells in the embryo contain severe DNA damage, while the genome of the blastocysts developed in space is globally hypomethylated with a unique set of differentially methylated regions. The developmental defects, DNA damage and epigenetic abnormalities can be largely mimicked by the treatment with ground-based low-dose radiation. However, the exposure to simulated microgravity alone does not cause major disruptions of embryonic development, indicating that radiation is the main cause for the developmental defects. This work advances the understanding of embryonic development in space and reveals long-term extreme low-dose radiation as a hazardous factor for mammalian reproduction.     

Extraction of DNA suitable for PCR applications from mature leaves of Mangifera indica L.

Good quality deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the pre-requisite for its downstream applications. The presence of high concentrations of polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins, and other secondary me- tabolites in mango leaves poses problem in getting good quality DNA fit for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) applications. The problem is exacerbated when DNA is extracted from mature mango leaves. A reliable and modified protocol based on the cetyl- trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method for DNA extraction from mature mango leaves is described here. High concentrations of inert salt were used to remove polysaccharides; Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and β-mercaptoethanol were employed to manage phenolic compounds. Extended chloroform-isoamyl alcohol treatment followed by RNase treatment yielded 950?1050 μg of good quality DNA, free of protein and RNA. The problems of DNA degradation,contamination, and low yield due to irreversible binding of phenolic compounds and coprecipitation of polysaccharides with DNA were avoided by this method. The DNA isolated by the modified method showed good PCR amplification using simple se- quence repeat (SSR) primers. This modified protocol can also be used to extract DNA from other woody plants having similar problems.     

超声波破碎仪在高通量测序中的应用

高通量测序技术中的数据质量控制是测序过程中的重要问题,样本文库的质量则是获取高质量的测序数据的前提和基础.在各种样本文库的制备过程中,样本的片段化过程受到普遍关注.该文主要针对基因组DNA样本的片段化技术中,涉及到的非接触式全自动超声破碎仪Bioruptor和自动聚焦声波样本处理仪Covaris S220的使用技巧和仪器的优缺点进行了初步比较.     

DNA计算综述

介绍DNA计算的基本思想,实现方式和主要计算模型,指出DNA计算存在的问题,最后对DNA计算的发展前景进行了展望.     

管蚜蝇族7种食蚜蝇Cty b基因序列差异及系统进化关系

采用PCR和测序方法,首次获得管蚜蝇族(Eristalini)7种食蚜蝇线粒体基因组的Ctyb基因部分序列(419bp).经对位排列,序列间未见有插入和缺失,共检测到119个可变核苷酸位点,变异率为28 40%,其中简约位点74个.属内序列差异值在5 01%～9 55%之间,属间序列差异值在10 02%～16 23%之间.以直翅目的中华稻蝗为外群,用多种方法构建进化关系树,结果类似.从4个属间关系来看,管蚜蝇属和斑眼蚜蝇属首先聚合为姊妹群,BCL值为61%,其次与条胸蚜蝇属聚合,BCL值为89%,宽盾蚜蝇属最后聚合.管蚜蝇族的4个属的聚类系统发生树为单系.     

DNA甲基化异常与肿瘤间关系的研究进展

DNA的甲基化及甲基化异常在人体发育和肿瘤的发生中起着至关重要的作用。文中主要综述了几十年来人们对 DNA甲基化异常与基因转录及肿瘤发生之间关系的研究进展 ,尤其是最近的研究突破。     

蟋蟀基因组DNA提取方法

对直翅目蟋蟀总科部分种类酒精浸泡标本的基因组DNA进行了提取，样品经检测，谱带基本呈线形，无拖尾；OD(260／280nm)值86．11％在1．6—1．8之间。